Bismillaah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Alhaa-kum at-takáthur
H'attaa zurtum al-maqaabir
Kallaa sawfa ta'lamon
Thumma kallaa sawfa ta'lamon
Kallaa law ta'lamon 'ilm al-yaqeen
La-tarawunna al-jah-em
Thumma la-tarawunna-haa 'ayn al-yaqeen
Thumma la-tus'alunna yawma'idhin 'an an-na'em
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Competition distracts youall the way to the grave,
but soon you will know.
If you knew with the knowledge of certainty,
you would see Hell;
you would see with the eyes of certainty;
and you would be asked to explain your desires
Tuesday, August 21, 2007
Surah Al-Kauthar (Abundance)
Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-RaheemInna a 'taina ka-l-KawtharFa salli li-Rabbi-ka wa-nharInna shani' a-ka huwa-l-abtar
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.Lo! We have given thee Abundance; So pray unto thy Lord, and sacrifice. Lo! It is thy insulter (and not thou) who is without posterity.
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.Lo! We have given thee Abundance; So pray unto thy Lord, and sacrifice. Lo! It is thy insulter (and not thou) who is without posterity.
Surah Al-Ikhlas/At-Tauhid (The Unity)
Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem
Qul Huw-Allahu Ahad
Allah-us-Samad
Lam yalid wl lam yuladWa lam yakul lahu kufuwan ahad
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Say: He is Allah, the One!Allah, the eternally Besought of all!
He begetteth not nor was begotten.
And there is none comparable unto Him.
Surah Maryam (Mary)
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Kaf. Ha. Ya. 'Ain. Sad.
A mention of the mercy of thy Lord unto His servant Zachariah:-When he cried unto his Lord a cry in secret,
Saying: My Lord! Lo! the bones of me wax feeble and my head is shining with grey hair, and I have never been unblest in prayer to Thee, my Lord.Lo!
I fear my kinsfolk after me, since my wife is barren.
Kaf. Ha. Ya. 'Ain. Sad.
A mention of the mercy of thy Lord unto His servant Zachariah:-When he cried unto his Lord a cry in secret,
Saying: My Lord! Lo! the bones of me wax feeble and my head is shining with grey hair, and I have never been unblest in prayer to Thee, my Lord.Lo!
I fear my kinsfolk after me, since my wife is barren.
Surah Al-Má'ún (Neighbourly Kindness)
Bismillaah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Ara ayta ladhee ukadhibu bid Deen
Fa dhaalikal ladhee yadu'ul yateem
Wa laa yahuddu 'alaa ta'aamil miskeen
Fa wailun lilmur salleen
Alladheena hum' an salaatin saahuun
Alladheena hum yuraa uun
Wa yamna 'uunal maa'uun
In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful
Well, you see him who belies the Requital.
Then he is the one who drives away the Orphan.
And does not urge the feeding of the poor.
Then woe to those prayer performers.
Who are heedless of their prayers.
Those who make a Show of it. 7
And refuse to give articles of use
Ara ayta ladhee ukadhibu bid Deen
Fa dhaalikal ladhee yadu'ul yateem
Wa laa yahuddu 'alaa ta'aamil miskeen
Fa wailun lilmur salleen
Alladheena hum' an salaatin saahuun
Alladheena hum yuraa uun
Wa yamna 'uunal maa'uun
In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful
Well, you see him who belies the Requital.
Then he is the one who drives away the Orphan.
And does not urge the feeding of the poor.
Then woe to those prayer performers.
Who are heedless of their prayers.
Those who make a Show of it. 7
And refuse to give articles of use
Surah An-Nasr (Succour)
Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem
Idha ja a nasr Ullahi wa-l-fathu
Wa ra'ait an-nasa yadkhuluna fi din-Illahi afwaja
Fa-sabbih bi-hamdi Rabbi-ka wa-staghfir-hu
Inna-hu kana tawwaba
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
When Allah's succour and the triumph cometh
And thou seest mankind entering the religion of Allah in troops,
Then hymn the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him.
Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.
Idha ja a nasr Ullahi wa-l-fathu
Wa ra'ait an-nasa yadkhuluna fi din-Illahi afwaja
Fa-sabbih bi-hamdi Rabbi-ka wa-staghfir-hu
Inna-hu kana tawwaba
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
When Allah's succour and the triumph cometh
And thou seest mankind entering the religion of Allah in troops,
Then hymn the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him.
Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.
Surah Al-Falaq (The Daybreak)
Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem
Qul-a'uhu bi Rabb il-falaq
Min sharri ma khalaq
Wa min sharri ghasiqin 'idha waqab
Wa min sharr-in-naffathati fi-l-'uqad
Wa min sharri hasidin idha hasad
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Say: "I seek refuge in the Lord of Daybreak
From the evil of that which He created;
From the evil of the darkness when it is intense,
And from the evil of malignant witchcraft,
And from the evil of the envier when he envieth.
Qul-a'uhu bi Rabb il-falaq
Min sharri ma khalaq
Wa min sharri ghasiqin 'idha waqab
Wa min sharr-in-naffathati fi-l-'uqad
Wa min sharri hasidin idha hasad
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Say: "I seek refuge in the Lord of Daybreak
From the evil of that which He created;
From the evil of the darkness when it is intense,
And from the evil of malignant witchcraft,
And from the evil of the envier when he envieth.
Ayat-ul Kursi (The Throne Verse)
Bismillaah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Allahu la illaha illa hu
Wal Hayyul Qayyum
La te huzuhu sinetun wala nawmun
Lahu ma fissemawati wa ma fil'ardi
Men thallathiy yeshfe'u indehu illa biznih
Ya'lemu ma beyne eydiyhimwa ma halfehumwa la yuhiytunebishey'in min ilmihiilla bima sha-a wasia kursiyyuhu semavati wal'ardWa la yeuduhu hifzuhuma wa hu wal aliy ul aziym
"Allah! There is no god but He,
Al-Hayy (the Ever-living),
Al-Qayyum (the Self-subsisting, Eternal).
No slumber can seize Him nor sleep.
His are all things in the heavens and on earth.
Who is there that can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth?
He knoweth what appeareth to His creatures as before or after or behind them.
Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth.
His Kursi doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them.
He is Aliyy (the Most High), Al-Adhiim (the Supreme in glory)."
Allahu la illaha illa hu
Wal Hayyul Qayyum
La te huzuhu sinetun wala nawmun
Lahu ma fissemawati wa ma fil'ardi
Men thallathiy yeshfe'u indehu illa biznih
Ya'lemu ma beyne eydiyhimwa ma halfehumwa la yuhiytunebishey'in min ilmihiilla bima sha-a wasia kursiyyuhu semavati wal'ardWa la yeuduhu hifzuhuma wa hu wal aliy ul aziym
"Allah! There is no god but He,
Al-Hayy (the Ever-living),
Al-Qayyum (the Self-subsisting, Eternal).
No slumber can seize Him nor sleep.
His are all things in the heavens and on earth.
Who is there that can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth?
He knoweth what appeareth to His creatures as before or after or behind them.
Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth.
His Kursi doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them.
He is Aliyy (the Most High), Al-Adhiim (the Supreme in glory)."
Surah An-Nas (Mankind)
Surah 114
An-Náas (Mankind)
Bismillaah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Qul a'uudhi bi rabbin naas
Malikin naasIlaahin naas
Min sharril wawaasil khannas
Alladhee yuwaswisu fee suduurin naas
Minal Jinnati wa naas
In the Name of Allah,
the Most Gracious,
the Most Merciful.
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of An-Nas.
The King of An-Nas.
The God of An-Nas.
From the evil of the whisperer who withdraws.
Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.
Of Jinn and An-Nas.
An-Náas (Mankind)
Bismillaah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem
Qul a'uudhi bi rabbin naas
Malikin naasIlaahin naas
Min sharril wawaasil khannas
Alladhee yuwaswisu fee suduurin naas
Minal Jinnati wa naas
In the Name of Allah,
the Most Gracious,
the Most Merciful.
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of An-Nas.
The King of An-Nas.
The God of An-Nas.
From the evil of the whisperer who withdraws.
Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.
Of Jinn and An-Nas.
How to perform the prayer
Before Salaat
1. Body, clothes and place of prayer must be clean.
2. Perform wudu (ritual ablution) if needed.
3. Women are required to cover their hair.
4. Face the Qibla, the direction of Mecca.
5. Stand erect, head down, hands at sides, feet evenly spaced.
6. Recite Iqama (private call to prayer):
Allahu Akbar
Ashhadu Allah ilaha illa-Lah
Ash Hadu anna Muhamad al rasulullah
[Fajr only]
Al-Salat Khayrun Mina-Naum
Qad qamitis Salah
Express intent to perform Salaat (niyyat):
I intend to offer _____ rakats of the ____ prayer, and face the Qibla for the sake of Allah and Allah alone. (For example: "I intend to offer the 4 rakats of the Isha prayer and face the Qibla for the sake of Allah and Allah alone.")
EXTRA to know: Fajr have 2 rakah, Dhuhr have 4 rakah, Asr have 4 rakah, Maghrib have 3 rakah and Isha have 4 rakas.
Begin Salaat
1. Niyyat: Stand with respect and attention; put the world behind you. Bring hands to ears, palms forward, thumbs behind earlobes and say (The entire prayer must be recited in Arabic, but for your information we give the English translation next to the Arabic transliteration) :
Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
2.Qiyam: Place right hand over left, men below navel, women at chest level; look at the ground in front of you and recite Opening Supplication (optional):
Subhana ala humma wa bihamdika wa tabara kasmuka wa ta'ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghairuk (Glory to You, O Allah, and Yours is the praise.
And blessed is Your Name, and exalted is Your Majesty. And there is no deity to be worshipped but You )
A'uudhu billaahi minash shaitaan ar-Rajeem (I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed)
3.Al-Fatiha: Recite aloud the Fatiha, the first surah of the Qur'an.
Bismillah al-Rahman al-Raheem
In the name of God, the infinitely Compassionate and Merciful.
Al hamdu lillahi rabbil 'al ameen
Praise be to God, Lord of all the worlds.
Al-Rahman al-Rahim
The Compassionate, the Merciful.
Maliki yawmid Deen
Ruler on the Day of Reckoning
Iyyaka na'abudu wa iy yaaka nasta'een
You alone do we worship, and You alone do we ask for help
Ihdinas siratal mustaqeem
Guide us on the straight path
Siraatal ladheena an 'amta' alaihim
the path of those who have received your grace
Ghairil maghduubi' alaihim waladaleen
not the path of those who have brought down wrath, nor of those who wander astray
Ameen
Amin
For the first two rakats at any time of prayer, recite an additional short selection from the Quraan after al Fatiha.
4.Ruk'u: Hands drop to sides; bend from waist, palms on knees, back parallel to ground; look at feet.
(While bending:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
(While bent:) Subhanna rabbiyal 'Azeem (3 times) (Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent)
5. Qauma: Rise from bending to standing, arms at sides.
(While rising:) Sami' allaahu liman hamidah (Allah listens to him who praises Him)
(Response from congregation:) Rabbanaa wa lakal hamd (Our Lord, to You is due all praise)
(Standing straight, pause:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
6. Sudjood: Prostrate—hands on knees, lower slowly to kneeling position; touch forehead, nose and palms to ground (but not elbows); bend toes so tops of feet face the Qibla.
Subhaana rabbiyal 'Alaa (3 times) (Glory to my Lord, the Most High. )
(Pause:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
7.Qu'ud: Rise to sitting position, looking at lap. Men turn up heel of right foot, right toes bent; women keep both feet, soles up, under body.
Allah Akbar (God is great)
8.Sudjood: Prostrate again.
Subhaana rabbiyal 'Alaa (3 times) (Glory to my Lord, the Most High)
(Pause:) Allahu Akbar (God is great)
9.Qu'ud: Rise to sitting position
To proceed to the second and fourth rakats.
(While rising:) Allahu Akbar (God is great.)
10.Return to standing position recite al-Fatiha.
Then recite the Fatiha, (if this is the second rakat of any time of prayer, recite another short portion of the Qur'an); continue the second or fourth rakat with Ruku....
11. To complete every second rakat and the last rakat: Remain seated and recite At-Tashahhud:
At Tahiyyaatu lilaahi was Salawaatu wat tayibaatu ( All greetings, blessings and good acts are from You, my Lord)
As Salaamu 'alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatul laahi wa barakaatuh (Greetings to you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.)
As Salaamu 'alainaa wa 'alaa 'ebaadillaahis saaliheen, (Peace be unto us, and unto the righteous servants of Allah. )
(Hands on knees, raise right forefinger)
Ash hadu allaa ilaah ilallaah Wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhuu wa rasuuluh
(I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger)
To proceed to the third rakat:
(While rising:) Allahu Akbar
God is great.
Return to standing position recite al-Fatiha
Recite the Fatiha and continue third rakat with Ruk'u....
At the end of any time of prayer (when all rakats have been completed): Remain seated, recite At-Tashahhud, and then recite the Salawat:
Allaahumma salli 'alaa Muhammadin wa 'alaa ali Muhammadin
(O Allah, bless our Muhammad and the people of Muhammad)
Kamaa sallaita 'alaa Ibraaheema wa 'alaa ali Ibraaheema
(As you have blessed Abraham and the people of Abraham.)
Innaka hameedun Majeed
(Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious)
Alaahumma baarik 'ala Muhammadin wa 'alaa ali Muhammadin
(O Allah, be gracious unto Muhammad and the people of Muhammad)
Kamaa baarakta 'alaa Ibraaheema wa 'alaa ali Ibraaheema
(As you were gracious unto Abraham and the people of Abraham)
Innaka hameedun Majeed
(Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious)
To Complete the Prayer: Look over right shoulder (toward the angel recording your good deeds), then the left (toward the angel recording your wrongful deeds); say each time:
As Salaamu 'alaikum wa rahmatulaah
Peace and blessings of God be upon you
Say personal prayers with hands cupped and palms up at chest level. Wipe face with palms.
If praying in a group, stand and greet each other individually, saying: "May God receive our prayers.
1. Body, clothes and place of prayer must be clean.
2. Perform wudu (ritual ablution) if needed.
3. Women are required to cover their hair.
4. Face the Qibla, the direction of Mecca.
5. Stand erect, head down, hands at sides, feet evenly spaced.
6. Recite Iqama (private call to prayer):
Allahu Akbar
Ashhadu Allah ilaha illa-Lah
Ash Hadu anna Muhamad al rasulullah
[Fajr only]
Al-Salat Khayrun Mina-Naum
Qad qamitis Salah
Express intent to perform Salaat (niyyat):
I intend to offer _____ rakats of the ____ prayer, and face the Qibla for the sake of Allah and Allah alone. (For example: "I intend to offer the 4 rakats of the Isha prayer and face the Qibla for the sake of Allah and Allah alone.")
EXTRA to know: Fajr have 2 rakah, Dhuhr have 4 rakah, Asr have 4 rakah, Maghrib have 3 rakah and Isha have 4 rakas.
Begin Salaat
1. Niyyat: Stand with respect and attention; put the world behind you. Bring hands to ears, palms forward, thumbs behind earlobes and say (The entire prayer must be recited in Arabic, but for your information we give the English translation next to the Arabic transliteration) :
Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
2.Qiyam: Place right hand over left, men below navel, women at chest level; look at the ground in front of you and recite Opening Supplication (optional):
Subhana ala humma wa bihamdika wa tabara kasmuka wa ta'ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghairuk (Glory to You, O Allah, and Yours is the praise.
And blessed is Your Name, and exalted is Your Majesty. And there is no deity to be worshipped but You )
A'uudhu billaahi minash shaitaan ar-Rajeem (I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed)
3.Al-Fatiha: Recite aloud the Fatiha, the first surah of the Qur'an.
Bismillah al-Rahman al-Raheem
In the name of God, the infinitely Compassionate and Merciful.
Al hamdu lillahi rabbil 'al ameen
Praise be to God, Lord of all the worlds.
Al-Rahman al-Rahim
The Compassionate, the Merciful.
Maliki yawmid Deen
Ruler on the Day of Reckoning
Iyyaka na'abudu wa iy yaaka nasta'een
You alone do we worship, and You alone do we ask for help
Ihdinas siratal mustaqeem
Guide us on the straight path
Siraatal ladheena an 'amta' alaihim
the path of those who have received your grace
Ghairil maghduubi' alaihim waladaleen
not the path of those who have brought down wrath, nor of those who wander astray
Ameen
Amin
For the first two rakats at any time of prayer, recite an additional short selection from the Quraan after al Fatiha.
4.Ruk'u: Hands drop to sides; bend from waist, palms on knees, back parallel to ground; look at feet.
(While bending:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
(While bent:) Subhanna rabbiyal 'Azeem (3 times) (Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent)
5. Qauma: Rise from bending to standing, arms at sides.
(While rising:) Sami' allaahu liman hamidah (Allah listens to him who praises Him)
(Response from congregation:) Rabbanaa wa lakal hamd (Our Lord, to You is due all praise)
(Standing straight, pause:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
6. Sudjood: Prostrate—hands on knees, lower slowly to kneeling position; touch forehead, nose and palms to ground (but not elbows); bend toes so tops of feet face the Qibla.
Subhaana rabbiyal 'Alaa (3 times) (Glory to my Lord, the Most High. )
(Pause:) Allahu Akbar (Allah is great)
7.Qu'ud: Rise to sitting position, looking at lap. Men turn up heel of right foot, right toes bent; women keep both feet, soles up, under body.
Allah Akbar (God is great)
8.Sudjood: Prostrate again.
Subhaana rabbiyal 'Alaa (3 times) (Glory to my Lord, the Most High)
(Pause:) Allahu Akbar (God is great)
9.Qu'ud: Rise to sitting position
To proceed to the second and fourth rakats.
(While rising:) Allahu Akbar (God is great.)
10.Return to standing position recite al-Fatiha.
Then recite the Fatiha, (if this is the second rakat of any time of prayer, recite another short portion of the Qur'an); continue the second or fourth rakat with Ruku....
11. To complete every second rakat and the last rakat: Remain seated and recite At-Tashahhud:
At Tahiyyaatu lilaahi was Salawaatu wat tayibaatu ( All greetings, blessings and good acts are from You, my Lord)
As Salaamu 'alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatul laahi wa barakaatuh (Greetings to you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah.)
As Salaamu 'alainaa wa 'alaa 'ebaadillaahis saaliheen, (Peace be unto us, and unto the righteous servants of Allah. )
(Hands on knees, raise right forefinger)
Ash hadu allaa ilaah ilallaah Wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhuu wa rasuuluh
(I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger)
To proceed to the third rakat:
(While rising:) Allahu Akbar
God is great.
Return to standing position recite al-Fatiha
Recite the Fatiha and continue third rakat with Ruk'u....
At the end of any time of prayer (when all rakats have been completed): Remain seated, recite At-Tashahhud, and then recite the Salawat:
Allaahumma salli 'alaa Muhammadin wa 'alaa ali Muhammadin
(O Allah, bless our Muhammad and the people of Muhammad)
Kamaa sallaita 'alaa Ibraaheema wa 'alaa ali Ibraaheema
(As you have blessed Abraham and the people of Abraham.)
Innaka hameedun Majeed
(Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious)
Alaahumma baarik 'ala Muhammadin wa 'alaa ali Muhammadin
(O Allah, be gracious unto Muhammad and the people of Muhammad)
Kamaa baarakta 'alaa Ibraaheema wa 'alaa ali Ibraaheema
(As you were gracious unto Abraham and the people of Abraham)
Innaka hameedun Majeed
(Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious)
To Complete the Prayer: Look over right shoulder (toward the angel recording your good deeds), then the left (toward the angel recording your wrongful deeds); say each time:
As Salaamu 'alaikum wa rahmatulaah
Peace and blessings of God be upon you
Say personal prayers with hands cupped and palms up at chest level. Wipe face with palms.
If praying in a group, stand and greet each other individually, saying: "May God receive our prayers.
Monday, August 20, 2007
EID Mubarak!
Eid ul-Fitr often abbreviated as simply Eid, is an Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. Fiṭr means "to break the fast" and therefore symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period. On the day of the celebration, a typical Muslim family is awake very early and then after praying the first normal everyday prayer, is required to eat in a small quantity, symbolizing the end of Ramadan. They then attend special congregational prayers held only for this occasion in mosques, in large open areas, stadiums or arenas. The prayer is generally short, and is followed by a sermon (khuṭba). Worshippers greet and embrace each other in a spirit of peace and love after the congregational prayer. After the special prayers, festivities and merriment are commonly observed with visits to the homes of relatives and friends to thank God for all blessings.
For Muslims, Eid ul-Fitr is a joyous occasion with important religious significance, celebrating of the achievement of enhanced piety. It is a day of forgiveness, moral victory, peace of congregation, fellowship, brotherhood and unity. Muslims celebrate not only the end of fasting, but also thank God for the help and strength that they believe he gave them throughout the previous month to help them practice self-control. It is a time of giving and sharing, and many Muslims dress in holiday.
Eid al-Adha is a religious festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide as a commemoration of Ibrahim's (Abraham's) willingness to sacrifice his son Ismael for Allah. It is one of two Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. Like Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha also begins with a short prayer followed by a sermon (khuṭba).
Eid al-Adha is three days long and starts on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar. This is the day after the pilgrims in Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. It happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan.
For Muslims, Eid ul-Fitr is a joyous occasion with important religious significance, celebrating of the achievement of enhanced piety. It is a day of forgiveness, moral victory, peace of congregation, fellowship, brotherhood and unity. Muslims celebrate not only the end of fasting, but also thank God for the help and strength that they believe he gave them throughout the previous month to help them practice self-control. It is a time of giving and sharing, and many Muslims dress in holiday.
Eid al-Adha is a religious festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide as a commemoration of Ibrahim's (Abraham's) willingness to sacrifice his son Ismael for Allah. It is one of two Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. Like Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha also begins with a short prayer followed by a sermon (khuṭba).
Eid al-Adha is three days long and starts on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar. This is the day after the pilgrims in Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. It happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan.
The 99 Names of Allah
The 99 Names of God, also known as The 99 Attributes of God are the names of God revealed in the Quraan and Sunnah, even though the names (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed ninety-nine in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Muslims believe that there are an elite group of names, or the Best names, which number 99.
1
Ar-Rahman (الرحمن)
The All Beneficent
2
Ar-Rahim (الرحيم)
The Most Merciful
3
Al-Malik (الملك)
The King, The Sovereign
4
Al-Quddus (القدوس)
The Most Holy
5
As-Salaam (السلام)
The Peace and Blessing
6
Al-Mumim (المؤمن)
The Guarantor
7
Al-Muhaymin (المهيمن)
The Guardian, The Preserver
8
Al-Azeez (العزيز)
The Almighty, The Self Sufficient
9
Al-Jabbar (الجبار)
The Powerful, The Irresistible
10
Al-Mutakabbir (المتكبر)
The Tremendous
11
Al-Khaliq (الخالق)
The Creator
12
Al-Bari' (البارئ)
The Rightfull
13
Al-Musawwir (المصور)
The Fashioner of Forms
14
Al-Ghaffar (الغفار)
The Ever Forgiving
15
Al-Qahhar (القهار)
The All Compelling Subduer
16
Al-Wahhab (الوهاب)
The Bestower
17
Ar-Razzaq (الرزاق)
The Ever Providing
18
Al-Fattah (الفتاح)
The Opener, The Victory Giver
19
Al-Aleem (العليم)
The All Knowing, The Omniscient
20
Al-Qabid (القابض)
The Restrainer, The Straightener
21
Al-Basit (الباسط)
The Expander, The Munificent
22
Al-Khafid (الخافض)
The Abaser
23
Ar-Rafi'e (الرافع)
The Exalter
24
Al-Mu'ezz (المعز)
The Giver of Honour
25
Al-Mudhell (المذل)
The Giver of Dishonour
26
As-Sami'e (السميع)
The All Hearing
27
Al-Baseer (البصير)
The All Seeing
28
Al-Hakam (الحكم)
The Judge, The Arbitrator
29
Al-Adl (العدل)
The Utterly Just
30
Al-Lateef (اللطيف)
The Subtly Kind
31
Al-Khabeer (الخبير)
The All Aware
32
Al-Halim (الحليم)
The Forbearing, The Indulgent
33
Al-Azeem (العظيم)
The Magnificent, The Infinite
34
Al-Ghafoor (الغفور)
The All Forgiving
35
Ash-Shakur (الشكور)
The Grateful
36
Al-Aliyy (العلي)
The Sublimely Exalted
37
Al-Kabeer (الكبير)
The Great
38
Al-Hafeez (الحفيظ)
The Preserver
39
Al-Muqeet (المقيت)
The Nourisher
40
Al-Hasib (الحسيب)
The Reckoner
41
Al-Jalil (الجليل)
The Majestic
42
Al-Kareem (الكريم)
The Bountiful, The Generous
43
Ar-Raqeeb (الرقيب)
The Watchful
44
Al-Mujeeb (المجيب)
The Responsive, The Answerer
45
Al-Wasse'e (الواسع)
The Vast, The All Encompassing
46
Al-Hakeem (الحكيم)
The Wise
47
Al-Wadood (الودود)
The Loving, The Kind One
48
Al-Majeed (المجيد)
The All Glorious
49
Al-Ba'ith (الباعث)
The Raiser of The Dead
50
Ash-Shaheed (الشهيد)
The Witness
51
Al-Haqq (الحق)
The Truth, The Real
52
Al-Wakeel (الوكيل)
The Trustee, The Dependable
53
Al-Qawaie (القوى)
The Strong
54
Al-Mateen (المتين)
The Firm, The Steadfast
55
Al-Walaie (الولى)
The Protecting Friend, Patron and Helper
56
Al-Hamid (الحميد)
The All Praiseworthy
57
Al-Muhsi (المحصى)
The Accounter, The Numberer of All
58
Al-Mubdi' (المبدئ)
The Producer, Originator, and Initiator of All
59
Al-Mu'eed (المعيد)
The Reinstater Who Brings Back All
60
Al-Muhyee (المحيى)
The Giver of Life
61
Al-Mumeet (المميت)
The Bringer of Death, The Destroyer
62
Al-Hei (الحي)
The Ever Living
63
Al-Qeiyoom (القيوم)
The Self Subsisting Sustainer of All
64
Al-Wajid (الواجد)
The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing
65
Al-Majid (الماجد)
The Illustrious, The Magnificent
66
Al-Wahid (الواحد)
The One, The Unique, Manifestation of Unity
67
Al-Ahad (الاحد)
The One, the All Inclusive, The Indivisible
68
As-Samad (الصمد)
The Self Sufficient, The Impregnable, The Eternally Besought of All, The Everlasting
69
Al-Qadir (القادر)
The All Able
70
Al-Muqtadir (المقتدر)
The All Determiner, The Dominant
71
Al-Muqaddim (المقدم)
The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward
72
Al-Mu'akhir (المؤخر)
The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away
73
Al-Awwal (الأول)
The First
74
Al-Akhir (الأخر)
The Last
75
Az-Zahir (الظاهر)
The Manifest, The All Victorious
76
Al-Batin (الباطن)
The Hidden, The All Encompassing
77
Al-Wali (الوالي)
The Patron
78
Al-Muta'ali (المتعالي)
The Self Exalted
79
Al-Barr (البر)
The Most Kind and Righteous
80
At-Tawwab (التواب)
The Ever Returning, Ever Relenting
81
Al-Muntaqim (المنتقم)
The Avenger
82
Al-'Afuww (العفو)
The Pardoner, The Effacer of Sins
83
Ar-Ra'oof (الرؤوف)
The Compassionate, The All Pitying
84
Malik-al-Mulk (مالك الملك)
The Owner of All Sovereignty
85
Dhu-al-Jalali wa-al-Ikram (ذو الجلال و الإكرام)
The Lord of Majesty and Generosity
86
Al-Muqsit (المقسط)
The Equitable, The Requiter
87
Al-Jami'e (الجامع)
The Gatherer, The Unifier
88
Al-Ghanaie (الغنى)
The All Rich, The Independent
89
Al-Mughni (المغنى)
The Enricher, The Emancipator
90
Al-Mani'e (المانع)
The Withholder, The Shielder, the Defender
91
Ad-Darr (الضار)
The Distressor, The Harmer (This attribute can only be found in haddith)
92
An-Nafi'e (النافع)
The Propitious, The Benefactor
93
An-Noor (النور)
The Light
94
Al-Hadi (الهادي)
The Guide
95
Al-Badi (البديع)
The Incomparable, The Originator
96
Al-Baqi (الباقي)
The Ever Enduring and Immutable
97
Al-Warith (الوارث)
The Heir, The Inheritor of All
98
Ar-Rasheed (الرشيد)
The Guide, Infallible Teacher and Knower
99
As-Saboor (الصبور)
The Patient, The Timeless.
1
Ar-Rahman (الرحمن)
The All Beneficent
2
Ar-Rahim (الرحيم)
The Most Merciful
3
Al-Malik (الملك)
The King, The Sovereign
4
Al-Quddus (القدوس)
The Most Holy
5
As-Salaam (السلام)
The Peace and Blessing
6
Al-Mumim (المؤمن)
The Guarantor
7
Al-Muhaymin (المهيمن)
The Guardian, The Preserver
8
Al-Azeez (العزيز)
The Almighty, The Self Sufficient
9
Al-Jabbar (الجبار)
The Powerful, The Irresistible
10
Al-Mutakabbir (المتكبر)
The Tremendous
11
Al-Khaliq (الخالق)
The Creator
12
Al-Bari' (البارئ)
The Rightfull
13
Al-Musawwir (المصور)
The Fashioner of Forms
14
Al-Ghaffar (الغفار)
The Ever Forgiving
15
Al-Qahhar (القهار)
The All Compelling Subduer
16
Al-Wahhab (الوهاب)
The Bestower
17
Ar-Razzaq (الرزاق)
The Ever Providing
18
Al-Fattah (الفتاح)
The Opener, The Victory Giver
19
Al-Aleem (العليم)
The All Knowing, The Omniscient
20
Al-Qabid (القابض)
The Restrainer, The Straightener
21
Al-Basit (الباسط)
The Expander, The Munificent
22
Al-Khafid (الخافض)
The Abaser
23
Ar-Rafi'e (الرافع)
The Exalter
24
Al-Mu'ezz (المعز)
The Giver of Honour
25
Al-Mudhell (المذل)
The Giver of Dishonour
26
As-Sami'e (السميع)
The All Hearing
27
Al-Baseer (البصير)
The All Seeing
28
Al-Hakam (الحكم)
The Judge, The Arbitrator
29
Al-Adl (العدل)
The Utterly Just
30
Al-Lateef (اللطيف)
The Subtly Kind
31
Al-Khabeer (الخبير)
The All Aware
32
Al-Halim (الحليم)
The Forbearing, The Indulgent
33
Al-Azeem (العظيم)
The Magnificent, The Infinite
34
Al-Ghafoor (الغفور)
The All Forgiving
35
Ash-Shakur (الشكور)
The Grateful
36
Al-Aliyy (العلي)
The Sublimely Exalted
37
Al-Kabeer (الكبير)
The Great
38
Al-Hafeez (الحفيظ)
The Preserver
39
Al-Muqeet (المقيت)
The Nourisher
40
Al-Hasib (الحسيب)
The Reckoner
41
Al-Jalil (الجليل)
The Majestic
42
Al-Kareem (الكريم)
The Bountiful, The Generous
43
Ar-Raqeeb (الرقيب)
The Watchful
44
Al-Mujeeb (المجيب)
The Responsive, The Answerer
45
Al-Wasse'e (الواسع)
The Vast, The All Encompassing
46
Al-Hakeem (الحكيم)
The Wise
47
Al-Wadood (الودود)
The Loving, The Kind One
48
Al-Majeed (المجيد)
The All Glorious
49
Al-Ba'ith (الباعث)
The Raiser of The Dead
50
Ash-Shaheed (الشهيد)
The Witness
51
Al-Haqq (الحق)
The Truth, The Real
52
Al-Wakeel (الوكيل)
The Trustee, The Dependable
53
Al-Qawaie (القوى)
The Strong
54
Al-Mateen (المتين)
The Firm, The Steadfast
55
Al-Walaie (الولى)
The Protecting Friend, Patron and Helper
56
Al-Hamid (الحميد)
The All Praiseworthy
57
Al-Muhsi (المحصى)
The Accounter, The Numberer of All
58
Al-Mubdi' (المبدئ)
The Producer, Originator, and Initiator of All
59
Al-Mu'eed (المعيد)
The Reinstater Who Brings Back All
60
Al-Muhyee (المحيى)
The Giver of Life
61
Al-Mumeet (المميت)
The Bringer of Death, The Destroyer
62
Al-Hei (الحي)
The Ever Living
63
Al-Qeiyoom (القيوم)
The Self Subsisting Sustainer of All
64
Al-Wajid (الواجد)
The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing
65
Al-Majid (الماجد)
The Illustrious, The Magnificent
66
Al-Wahid (الواحد)
The One, The Unique, Manifestation of Unity
67
Al-Ahad (الاحد)
The One, the All Inclusive, The Indivisible
68
As-Samad (الصمد)
The Self Sufficient, The Impregnable, The Eternally Besought of All, The Everlasting
69
Al-Qadir (القادر)
The All Able
70
Al-Muqtadir (المقتدر)
The All Determiner, The Dominant
71
Al-Muqaddim (المقدم)
The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward
72
Al-Mu'akhir (المؤخر)
The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away
73
Al-Awwal (الأول)
The First
74
Al-Akhir (الأخر)
The Last
75
Az-Zahir (الظاهر)
The Manifest, The All Victorious
76
Al-Batin (الباطن)
The Hidden, The All Encompassing
77
Al-Wali (الوالي)
The Patron
78
Al-Muta'ali (المتعالي)
The Self Exalted
79
Al-Barr (البر)
The Most Kind and Righteous
80
At-Tawwab (التواب)
The Ever Returning, Ever Relenting
81
Al-Muntaqim (المنتقم)
The Avenger
82
Al-'Afuww (العفو)
The Pardoner, The Effacer of Sins
83
Ar-Ra'oof (الرؤوف)
The Compassionate, The All Pitying
84
Malik-al-Mulk (مالك الملك)
The Owner of All Sovereignty
85
Dhu-al-Jalali wa-al-Ikram (ذو الجلال و الإكرام)
The Lord of Majesty and Generosity
86
Al-Muqsit (المقسط)
The Equitable, The Requiter
87
Al-Jami'e (الجامع)
The Gatherer, The Unifier
88
Al-Ghanaie (الغنى)
The All Rich, The Independent
89
Al-Mughni (المغنى)
The Enricher, The Emancipator
90
Al-Mani'e (المانع)
The Withholder, The Shielder, the Defender
91
Ad-Darr (الضار)
The Distressor, The Harmer (This attribute can only be found in haddith)
92
An-Nafi'e (النافع)
The Propitious, The Benefactor
93
An-Noor (النور)
The Light
94
Al-Hadi (الهادي)
The Guide
95
Al-Badi (البديع)
The Incomparable, The Originator
96
Al-Baqi (الباقي)
The Ever Enduring and Immutable
97
Al-Warith (الوارث)
The Heir, The Inheritor of All
98
Ar-Rasheed (الرشيد)
The Guide, Infallible Teacher and Knower
99
As-Saboor (الصبور)
The Patient, The Timeless.
Days of the week (arabic)
The Islamic week is derived from the Jewish week, as was the medieval Christian week, all of which have numbered weekdays in common. The "first day" of the Islamic week corresponds with Sunday of the planetary week. The Islamic and Jewish weekdays begin at sunset, whereas the medieval Christian and planetary weekdays begin at the following midnight.[3] Muslims gather for worship at a Masjid at noon on "gathering day", which corresponds to the sixth day of the Jewish and medieval Christian weeks, and to Friday of the planetary week.
yaum al-ahad يوم الأحد (first day - Sunday) (
yaum al-ithnayn يوم الإثنين (second day - Monday) (Urdu, پير) (Persian: Do-Shambeh, دوشنبه)
yaum ath-thulaathaa' يوم الثُّلَاثاء (third day - Tuesday) (Urdu, منگل) (Persian: Seh-Shambeh, سه شنبه)
yaum al-arbia`aa' يوم الأَرْبِعاء (fourth day - Wednesday) (Urdu, بدھ) (Persian: Chahar-Shambeh, چهارشنبه)
yaum al-khamis يوم الخَمِيس (fifth day - Thursday) (Urdu, جمعرات) (Persian: Panj-Shambeh, پنجشنبه)
yaum al-jumu`a يوم الجُمُعَة (gathering day - Friday) (Urdu, جمعہ) (Persian: Jom'eh, جمعه or Adineh آدينه)
yaum as-sabt يوم السَّبْت (sabbath day - Saturday) (Urdu, ہفتہ) (Persian: Shambeh, شنبه)
The Islamic Calendar
The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days.
It is a lunar calendar having 12 lunar months in a year of about 354 days. Because this lunar year is about 11 days shorter than the solar year, Islamic holy days, although celebrated on fixed dates in their own calendar, usually shift 11 days earlier each successive solar year, such as a year of the Gregorian calendar.
Islamic years are also called Hijra years because the first year was the year during which the Hijra occurred—Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina. Thus each numbered year is designated either H or AH, the latter being the initials of the Latin anno Hegirae (in the year of the Hijra).
The current Islamic Year is 1428 AH.
The Islamic months are named as follows:
Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sanctified months of the year. Fighting in this month is looked down upon and is sometimes put to the side in respect for Islam. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, Muharram moves from year to year when compared with the Gregorian calendar.
The first day of Muharram is the start of the Islamic Year. The Remembrance of Muharram takes place during this month. The Shia Muslims celebrate in a different way in which they commemorate the Battle of Karbala and consider this a month of sadness and mourning. The commemoration reaches its climax on the tenth day of Muharram, known as Ashurah.
This is the day Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, was killed along with his family members and friends in the Battle of Karbala. This day is also important in other religions. For example, it is related to the Jews as being the time when Moses crossed the Red Sea while escaping from Pharaoh. Sunni Muslims often fast on this sacred day.
The month of Muharram also has traditions which have no support from Islamic teachings. For example, the celebration of the Muslim new year, and the partying and card giving, etc, associated with it is considered to be a bidah and even haraam to all Shia muslims because they feel it is a time to mourn and it is haraam to express any happiness.
Muharram is so called because it was unlawful to fight during this month; the word is derived from the word ‘haram’ meaning forbidden. It is held to be the most sacred of all the months, excluding Ramadan. This month is most sacred to the Shi’a Muslim community and heavy mourning activities on the first ten days of the month are observed by Shi'a Muslims to commemorate the death of Imam Hussain, the grandson of Muhammad. Some Muslims fast during these days but the Shi'a Muslims do not fast as they consider fasting a sign of happiness. The tenth day is called Ashurah, meaning, ‘the tenth’, and it is a day of voluntary fasting. The shia just stop eating and drinking but do not fast till the evening. The Sunni Muslims also fast during Muharram and on the ninth and the eleventh day as recommended by Muhammad during his lifetime. Fasting on the tenth day(ashura) is haram and only Yazid fasted on 10 of moharram in the happines of the death of Imam Hussien.
EXTRA: Fasting During Muharram (According to Sunni Doctrine)
Muhammad was asked: "Which prayer is the best after the obligatory (five daily) prayers?"
He said: "Prayer during the middle of the night."
Muhammad was then asked: "Which fast is the best after the fast of Ramadan?"
He replied: "The (voluntary fasts during the) month of God that you call Muharram."
Safar literally means ‘the void month’. The origin of this word has two theories: the first says that when the pagan Arabs went on their looting expeditions they would leave their houses empty or ‘sifr’ meaning void. The second theory says that the word is derived form the Arabic word for yellow called ‘sufr’: as when it was first named it fell in the time of autumn, hence the derivation the word yellow as all the leaves at that time turned yellow. It is held to be the unluckiest month of the calendar, as in this month Adam was turned out of the Garden of Eden.
Rabi' al-awwal is the third month in the Islamic calendar. Muhammad is considered by Muslmis to have been born on the twelfth of this month, and many Muslims celebrate the Mawlid on this day.
Rabi' al-thani is the fourth month in the Islamic Calendar. It is also known as Rabi`-ul-Akhir.
The name literally means ‘the last month of spring'.
Jumada al-awwal is the fifth month in the Islamic calendar.
We can also find the alternative spelling Jumada al-Ula.
The origin of the word is as follows: the word Jumda, from which the name of the month is derived, is used to denote dry parched land: land devoid of rain, and hence denote the dry months.
Jumada al-thani is the sixth month in the Islamic Calendar.
It is also known as Jumaada-ul-Akhir and Jumada-l-Akhra.
This is the sixth month of the islamic calendar. The origin of the word is as follows: the word Jumda, from which the name of the month is derived, is used to denote dry parched land: land devoid of rain, and hence denote the dry months.
Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of Rajaba is "to respect", which is where the word Rajab has been derived from.
Rajab denotes ‘the honoured month’. This month was held in great esteem by the pagan Arabs and like Muharram it was a month during which fighting was forbidden.
Sha'aban is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
This is the months of ‘separation’, so called because the pagan Arabs used to disperse in search of water. On the fifteenth night of this month falls the Shab-i-Barat: ‘The Night of Records’; some people think that on this night Muhammad told his followers that Allah records all the deeds that the humans have to perform for the next year. However, there is no Quranic or Hadith evidence to support this.
Ramadan is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
This is the months of ‘separation’, so called because the pagan Arabs used to disperse in search of water. On the fifteenth night of this month falls the Shab-i-Barat: ‘The Night of Records’; some people think that on this night Muhammad told his followers that Allah records all the deeds that the humans have to perform for the next year. However, there is no Quranic or Hadith evidence to support this.
EXTRA:
On 02 Ramadan, Torah was bestowed on Moses. (As claimed byShi'a Islam)
On 10 Ramadan, Khadija, Wife of Muhammad died.
On 12 Ramadan, Bible was bestowed on Jesus. (As claimed by Shi'a Islam)
On 15 Ramadan, Hassan ibn Ali son of Imam Ali was born and Sayyid Muhammad Alawi Al Maliki died
On 17 Ramadan,
On 18 Ramadan, Psalms was bestowed on David. (As claimed by Shi'a Islam)
On 19 Ramadan, Imam Ali was injured by sword.
On 21 Ramadan, Imam Ali died.
On 23 Ramadan, Qur'an was bestowed on Muhammad. (In accordance with Shi'a Islam; according to Sunni Islam the date is 27th of Ramadan)
Laylat al-Qadr (The Night of Destiny) is observed during one of the last five odd numbered days of the month. The Qur'an states that this night is better than a thousand months. This is often interpreted as praying throughout this night is rewarded equally with praying for a thousand months. Millions of Muslims spend the entire night in prayer. According to Shi'a Islam this night is 19th or 21st, or 23rd of this month.but according to Sunni
Sect this night is 21, 23, 25, 27 or 29.Shawwal is the tenth month on the Lunar Islamic calendar. The first day of Shawwal is Eid ul-Fitr. There are also six days of fasting during Shawwal which, together with the Ramadan fasts, are equivalent to fasting "perpetually" (according to Sahih Muslim). Usually, this is taken to mean the whole year Islam online . It is a common misconception that the six days of fasting must be undertaken on consecutive days, as there are no hadith that support or stipulate this.
Shawwal means ‘lift or carry’; so named because she camels would be carrying a fetus at this time. Muhammad married the daughter of his commander in chief Abu Bakr, Aisha, in this month. The first day of this is celebrated as Id-ul-Fitr.
Dhu al-Qi'dah is the eleventh month in the Islamic calendar. It can also be known as Thou al-Qi`dah.
The meaning of the word is ‘Master of Truce’ as the pagan Arabs did not conduct war during this month.
Dhu al-Hijjah is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic Calendar. It is also known as Thou al-Hijja.
This is a very sacred month in the Islamic calendar, marking the end of the year. It is in this month in which the Hajj Pilgrimage takes place.
"Dhu al-hijjah" literally means ‘Lord of the Pilgrimage.’ It is during this month that pilgrims from all around the world congregate at Mecca to visit the Kaaba. The Hajj is performed on the eighth, ninth and the tenth of this month. Eid ul-Adha, the ‘Festival of the Sacrifice,’ is held on the tenth day.
Of all the months in the Islamic calendar, Ramadan is the most important. Between dawn and sunset, Muslims are supposed to abstain from eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse in accordance with the Ramadan holiday that lasts throughout the entire month of the same name.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter Z
Zaboor = The Holy Book revealed to Prophet Dawood (David), peace be on him.
Zakah = (Purifying Alms) purification, whence it is used to express a portion of property bestowed in alms, as a means of purifying the person concerned and the remainder of his property. It is among the five pillars of Islam and refers to the mandatory amount that a Muslim must pay out of his property. The detailed rules of zakah have been laid down in books of Fiqh.
Zalim = is the wrong-doer, he who exceeds the limits of right, the unjust.
Zam Zam = The sacred well inside Al-Haram ash-Shareef in Makkah.
Zanjabil =A special mixture that will be in one of the drinks of the people of the Paradise.
Zaqqum = An extremely bitter and thorny tree that grows at the bottom of the Heelfire.
Zina = illegal sexual intercourse and embraces both fornication and adultery.
Zulm = placing a thing where it does not belong. Technically, it refers to exceeding the right and hence committing wrong or injustice.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter W
Wa Alaikum Assalam = "And on you be peace." The reply to the Muslim greeting of "assalamu alaikum." (peace be on you).
Wallahi = I swear to Allah.
Wahy = Revelation which consists of communicating God's Messages to a Prophet or Messenger of God. The highest form of revelation is the Qur'an of which even the words are from God.
Wali = means guardian.
Waqf = Endowment, a charitable trust in the name of Allah.
Witr = 'odd number'. Witr rakahs are odd number of rakahs such as 1, 3, 5, etc. - usually 1 or 3 - which are said after the last Prayer at night.
Wudu = Wudu refers to the ablution made before performing the prescribed Prayers. it requires washing (1) the face from the top of the forehead to the chin and as far as each ear; (2) the hands and arms up to the elbow; (3) wiping with wet hands a part of the head; and (4) washing the feet to the ankle.
Wallahi = I swear to Allah.
Wahy = Revelation which consists of communicating God's Messages to a Prophet or Messenger of God. The highest form of revelation is the Qur'an of which even the words are from God.
Wali = means guardian.
Waqf = Endowment, a charitable trust in the name of Allah.
Witr = 'odd number'. Witr rakahs are odd number of rakahs such as 1, 3, 5, etc. - usually 1 or 3 - which are said after the last Prayer at night.
Wudu = Wudu refers to the ablution made before performing the prescribed Prayers. it requires washing (1) the face from the top of the forehead to the chin and as far as each ear; (2) the hands and arms up to the elbow; (3) wiping with wet hands a part of the head; and (4) washing the feet to the ankle.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter U
Ummah = community, or nation, is a special name given to Muslim brotherhood and unity. The Qur'an refers to Muslims as the best Ummah raised for the benefit of all mankind. At another place, it calls them 'the middle nation' (Umma Wasat) a unique characteristic of the Islamic community which has been asked to maintain equitable balance between extremes, pursue the path of moderation and establish the middle way. Such a community of Muslims will be a model for the whole world to emulate.
Ummi = 'unlettered'. It is also used to refer to those who do not possess Divine revelation.
Ummul Mumineen = "Mother of the Faithful." A title given to each of the wives of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.).
'Umrah = (Minor Pilgrimage) is an Islamic rite and consists of pilgrimage to the Ka'bah. It consists essentially of ihram, tawaf (i.e. circumambulation) around the Ka'bah (seven times), and sa`y (i.e. running) between Safa and Marwah (seven times). It is called minor Hajj since it need not be performed at a particular time of the year and its performance requires fewer ceremonies than the Hajj proper.
Ummi = 'unlettered'. It is also used to refer to those who do not possess Divine revelation.
Ummul Mumineen = "Mother of the Faithful." A title given to each of the wives of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.).
'Umrah = (Minor Pilgrimage) is an Islamic rite and consists of pilgrimage to the Ka'bah. It consists essentially of ihram, tawaf (i.e. circumambulation) around the Ka'bah (seven times), and sa`y (i.e. running) between Safa and Marwah (seven times). It is called minor Hajj since it need not be performed at a particular time of the year and its performance requires fewer ceremonies than the Hajj proper.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter T
Tabi`un = Successors, are those who benefited and derived their knowledge from the Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.).
Tafsir = A commentary, usually referring to the commentary of the Holy Quran.
Taghut = the one who exceeds his legitimate limits. In Qur'anic terminology it refers to the creature who exceeds the limits of his creatureliness and abrogates to himself godhead and lordship. In the negative scale of values, the first stage of man's error is fisq (i.e. disobeying God without necessarily denying that one should obey Him.) The second stage is that of kufr, (i.e. rejection of the very idea that one ought to obey God.) The last stage is that man not only rebels against God but also imposes his rebellious will on others. All those who reach this stage are taghut.
Tahajjud = Voluntary Prayer that is done any time at night after Isha but before Fajr.
Tajweed = Recitation of the Qur'an with precise articulation and exact intonation.
Takbir = Saying "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest).
Talaq means repudiation of marriage.
Talbiya = The pronouncement pilgrims make to Allah during Hajj: "Labbaik, labbaik, Allahumma labbaik. La shareeka laka labbaik. Innal hama wa n'imata laka walmulk. La shareeka lak." (I am totally at Your service,I am totally at Your service, O Allah I am totally at Your service. You have no partner,I am totally at Your service. Truly, the praise and the blessing are Yours, and the dominion. You have no partners.)
Taqwa = Fearing Allah as He should be feared. A major sign of being a faithful Muslim.
Taraweeh = Prayers done after Isha during Ramadan, the fasting month.
Tarteel = Measured recitation of the Qur'an taking extreme care with regard to the rules of slow reading, pausing and stopping at every indicated point.
Tashahhud = Tashahhud literally 'testimony', is a declaration of the Muslim faith towards the end of the Prayers, immediately after the recitation of Tahiyah, while sitting with the first finger of the right hand extended as a witness to the unity of God.
[Ayyam] al-Tashriq = This term signifies four days of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, viz. 10th through 13th.
Tawaf = The circling of the Holy Kabah. Tawaf is done in sets of seven circuits.
Tawbah (Repentence) = Tawbah basically denotes 'to come back; to turn towards someone.' Tawbah on the part of man signifies that he has given up his disobedience and has returned to submission and obedience to God. The same word used in respect of God means that He has mercifully turned to His repentant servant so that the latter has once more become an object of His compassionate attention.
Tawhid = Oneness of God. The Divine Unity. Allah is One in His Essence and His Attributes and His Acts. The centermost concept of Islam.
Tayammum = 'to intend to do a thing'. As an Islamic legal term, it refers to wiping one's hands and face with clean earth as a substitution for ablution when water cannot be obtained.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter S
Sabr = comprehensive term having various shades of meaning. It implies (a) patience in the sense of being thorough, dedicated and devoted, (b) constancy, perseverance, steadfastness and firmness of purpose, (c) disciplined and planned effort with confidence and belief in the mission itself and (d) a cheerful attitude of acceptance and understanding under suffering and hardship and in times of strife and violance, and thankfulness to God in happiness, success and chievement.
Sadaqa = Anything given away in charity for the pleasure of Allah.
Saffah = A verandah attached to the Prophet's Masjid in Madina where poor Muslims, including some of the most exalted companions, used to sleep.
Sahabi = A companion of the Prophet (PBUH)
Sahih Bukhari = A book of Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Bukhari.
Sahih Muslim = A book of Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Muslim.
Sa'i = Going seven times between the small hills of Safa and Marwa; an essential rite of Hajj and Umra.
Sajdah = 1. Prostration. The act of prostration, particularly in the Salat. 2. As-Sajda: Surah 32 of the Qur'an.
Sajdah Sahu = Prostration to recompense forgetting a required act of Salah.
Salah = Prayers. There are five daily obligatory prayers. These prayers and their time zones are: 1. Fajr (morning prayer); After dawn but before sunrise; 2. Duhr (early afternoon or noon prayer); early afternoon till late afternoon; 3. 'Asr (late afternoon prayer) late afternoon prayer till sunset; 4. Maghrib (sunset prayer); just after sunset; 5. Isha (late evening prayer); late evening till late at night.
Salat al-Janaza = Funeral prayer. The prayer is done in standing position only and consist of four takbirs: 1. After the first Takbir, read Al-Fatihah. 2. After the second takbir, recite Tashahhud and Salat al-Ibrahimiya. 3. After the third Takbir, pray for the deceased person, his or her relatives, and all Muslims in general. 4. After the fourth Takbir, finish the prayer by uttering Assalamu Alaikum while turning to the right.
Salat al-Khawf = Prayer in the state of insecurity. For its procedure see Surah al-Nisa 4:102.
Sallallahu 'Alaihe wa Sallam (S.A.W.) = "May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." This is said whenever the name of prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) is mentioned or read. Th equivalent English phrase is usually abbreviated as S.A.W. (peace be upon him).
Samad (as) = One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah. It means Absolute, Eternal, and Everlasting. It refers to the One to Whom all created beings turn to for all their needs, and Who is not dependent on anything or anyone for any need. The Most Perfect in His Attributes.
Sariya =A small army sent by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) in which he did not personally take part.
Sawm = Fasting.
Sha`a'ir Allah = all those rites which, in opposition to polytheism and outright disbelief and atheism, are the characteristic symbols of exclusive devotion to God.
Sha'ban = The eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
Shahid = in Islamic parlance means martyr.
Shaitan = Satan.
Shari'ah = the entire Islamic way of life, especially the Law of Islam.
Shawal = The tenth month of the Islamic calendar.
Shirk = associating anyone or anything with the Creator either in His being, or attributes, or in the exclusive rights (such as worship) that He has against His creatures.
Sidrat al-Muntaha = "The lote-tree of the furthest limit." A tree over the seventh Heaven near Paradise, the place where form ends and beyond which no created being may pass.
Sijjin = It is a "prison" where the records of the evil doers are kept.
Siratul-Mustaqeem = "The straight path," the path that the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) demonstrated to mankind by way of the Holy Qur'an. The path that leads to the Paradise.
Siwak = A piece of branch or root of a tree called al-Arak used as a toothbrush.
Subhana Allah = "Glory be to Allah."
Subhana wa Ta'ala = "May He be Glorified and Exalted."
Suffa (as) = A shaded place in Masjid al-Rasool, in Madinah where poor Sahaba used to take shelter during Prophet Muhammad's time.
Suhur = A meal taken before Fajr in the month of Ramadan to begin fasting.
Sunnah = Ahadeeth and the way of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Sunnah Prayers = Sunnah Prayers are prayers which are considered recommended in view of the fact that the Prophet (S.A.W.) either performed them often and/or made statements about their meritorious character.
Surah = A chapter of the Qur'an. Literally means "a form". There are 114 Surahs in the Holy Quran.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter R
R.A.A. = Radhi Allah 'Anhu (May Allah be pleased with him). Said whenever the name of a Sahabi (companion) is read or heard.
Rabbi = has three meanings: (i) Lord and Master; (ii) Sustainer, Provider, Supporter, Nourisher and Guardian, and (iii)Sovereign and Ruler, He who controls and directs. God is Rabb in all the three meanings of the term. The rational of the basic Qur'anic message - 'serve none but God' - is that since God is man's Rabb - Lord, Sustainer, Provider, Nourisher, etc. He alone should be the object of man's worship and service.See, for example, Qur'an 2:21.
Rabi al-Awal = The third month of the Islamic calendar.
Rahim = Rahim is from the root rhm (rahm) which denotes mercy. In the Qur'an this attribute of God has been used side by side with Rahman (which is also from the same root rhm). As such Rahim signifies God's mercy and beneficence towards His creatures. Moreover, according to several scholars, the word Rahim signifies the dimension of permanence in God's mercy.
Rahman = Rahman (literally 'merciful') is one of the personal names of God. According to scholars of the Arabic language and some commentators of the Qur'an, the word has the nuance of intensity regarding Divine Mercy. Thus the word does not just signify the One Who has mercy; it rather denotes the One Who is exceedingly merciful; the One Who is overflowing with mercy for all.
Rajab = The seventh month of the Islamic calendar.
Rajim (ar) = stoning. In Islamic law the Hadd punishment is Rajm.
Rak'ah = a unit of the Prayer and consists of bending the torso from an upright position followed by two prostrations.
Ramadhan =The ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Fasting is obligatory during this month for all Muslims.
Rasool = Messenger and prophet of Allah.
Rawi = A narrator. In Hadith literature, it means the narrator of Ahadeeth.
Rooh al-Quds = "The Holy Spirit." Another name for the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel), peace be on him.
Ruku' = bending the body to bow. This bowing is one of the acts required in Islamic Prayer. Additionally, the same word denotes a certain unit in the Qur'an. The whole Book, for the sake of the convenience of the reader is divided into thirty parts (ajza', sing. juz'), and each juz' consists usually of sixteen ruku'.
Rushd = Rushd from the verb rashada means the right way (2:256). It also implies integrity and maturity in thought and action (21:51).
Rabbi = has three meanings: (i) Lord and Master; (ii) Sustainer, Provider, Supporter, Nourisher and Guardian, and (iii)Sovereign and Ruler, He who controls and directs. God is Rabb in all the three meanings of the term. The rational of the basic Qur'anic message - 'serve none but God' - is that since God is man's Rabb - Lord, Sustainer, Provider, Nourisher, etc. He alone should be the object of man's worship and service.See, for example, Qur'an 2:21.
Rabi al-Awal = The third month of the Islamic calendar.
Rahim = Rahim is from the root rhm (rahm) which denotes mercy. In the Qur'an this attribute of God has been used side by side with Rahman (which is also from the same root rhm). As such Rahim signifies God's mercy and beneficence towards His creatures. Moreover, according to several scholars, the word Rahim signifies the dimension of permanence in God's mercy.
Rahman = Rahman (literally 'merciful') is one of the personal names of God. According to scholars of the Arabic language and some commentators of the Qur'an, the word has the nuance of intensity regarding Divine Mercy. Thus the word does not just signify the One Who has mercy; it rather denotes the One Who is exceedingly merciful; the One Who is overflowing with mercy for all.
Rajab = The seventh month of the Islamic calendar.
Rajim (ar) = stoning. In Islamic law the Hadd punishment is Rajm.
Rak'ah = a unit of the Prayer and consists of bending the torso from an upright position followed by two prostrations.
Ramadhan =The ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Fasting is obligatory during this month for all Muslims.
Rasool = Messenger and prophet of Allah.
Rawi = A narrator. In Hadith literature, it means the narrator of Ahadeeth.
Rooh al-Quds = "The Holy Spirit." Another name for the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel), peace be on him.
Ruku' = bending the body to bow. This bowing is one of the acts required in Islamic Prayer. Additionally, the same word denotes a certain unit in the Qur'an. The whole Book, for the sake of the convenience of the reader is divided into thirty parts (ajza', sing. juz'), and each juz' consists usually of sixteen ruku'.
Rushd = Rushd from the verb rashada means the right way (2:256). It also implies integrity and maturity in thought and action (21:51).
Islamic arabic terms . Letter Q
Qabr = grave.
Qadr (al) = "The Power." The night of Allah's power.
Qasr = 'to shorten', is technically used to signify the Islamic rule that during one's journey it is permissible, and indeed preferable, to pray only two rak'ahs in those obligatory Prayers in which a person is required to pray four rak'ahs.
Qawwam = or qayyim is a person responsible for administering or supervising the affairs of either an individual or an organization, for protecting and safeguarding them and taking care of their needs.
Qiblah = the direction to which all Muslims are required to turn when offering their prescribed Prayers, namely towards the Ka'bah, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Qisaas = Law of equal retaliation when punishing a person for injuries intentionally inflicted on someone else.
Quraish = The Arab tribe to which the Prophet (PBUH) belonged.
Qadr (al) = "The Power." The night of Allah's power.
Qasr = 'to shorten', is technically used to signify the Islamic rule that during one's journey it is permissible, and indeed preferable, to pray only two rak'ahs in those obligatory Prayers in which a person is required to pray four rak'ahs.
Qawwam = or qayyim is a person responsible for administering or supervising the affairs of either an individual or an organization, for protecting and safeguarding them and taking care of their needs.
Qiblah = the direction to which all Muslims are required to turn when offering their prescribed Prayers, namely towards the Ka'bah, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Qisaas = Law of equal retaliation when punishing a person for injuries intentionally inflicted on someone else.
Quraish = The Arab tribe to which the Prophet (PBUH) belonged.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter P
PBUH = Peace be upon him. An English equivalent of S.A.W. used whenever the name of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is read or heard.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter N
Nabi = Prophet of Allah.
Nasara = is the name given to the followers of the Christian faith both in the Qur'an and Hadith.
Nasi = was a practice in vogue among the pre-Islamic Arabs: they altered the duration of the four sacred months. Whenver they wished to start fighting or to loot and plunder - and they could not do so during the sacred months - they carried out their expedition in one of the sacred months and then later on compensated for this violation by treating one of the non-sacred months as a sacred month.
Naskh = style of curved writing often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Nifaq = Hypocrisy.
Nikkah = Marriage.
Niqab = type of veil that covers the entire face including the eyes.
Niyyah = Intention.
Nubuwah = prophethood.
Nur (an) = "The Light." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah.
Nusub = Nusub signify all places consecrated for offerings to others than the One True God, regardless of whether they are images of stone or something else.
Nusuk = ritual sacrifice as well as other forms of devotion and worship.
Nasara = is the name given to the followers of the Christian faith both in the Qur'an and Hadith.
Nasi = was a practice in vogue among the pre-Islamic Arabs: they altered the duration of the four sacred months. Whenver they wished to start fighting or to loot and plunder - and they could not do so during the sacred months - they carried out their expedition in one of the sacred months and then later on compensated for this violation by treating one of the non-sacred months as a sacred month.
Naskh = style of curved writing often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Nifaq = Hypocrisy.
Nikkah = Marriage.
Niqab = type of veil that covers the entire face including the eyes.
Niyyah = Intention.
Nubuwah = prophethood.
Nur (an) = "The Light." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah.
Nusub = Nusub signify all places consecrated for offerings to others than the One True God, regardless of whether they are images of stone or something else.
Nusuk = ritual sacrifice as well as other forms of devotion and worship.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter M
Maghreb = Sunset. The fourth obligatory Prayer of the day. It consists of three Rakahs and can be offered between just after sunset and before the stars appear in the sky.
Mahr = (bridal gift) signifies the amount of payment that is settled between the two spouses at the time of marriage, and which the husband is required to make to his bride. Mahr seems to symbolize the financial responsbility that a husband assumes towards his wife by virtue of entering into the contract of marriage.
Mahram = A man whom a woman can never marry because of closeness of relationship (e.g. father, brother, uncle, son, etc.). Her husband is also her Mahram.
Al-Majeed = "The Most Glorious." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah.
Majoos = Fire worshippers. These people lived mainly in Persia and the eastern Arabian peninsula in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
Makr = a secret strategy of which the victim has no inkling until the decisive blow is struck. Until then, the victim is under the illusion that everything is in good order.
Malaikah = "Angels". Another name for Suratul Fatir, Surah 35 of the Holy Qur'an.
Malak = Angel.
Al-Manat = was the chief idol worshipped by the Khuza'ah and Hudhayl tribes.
Ma'ruf = refers to the conduct which is reckoned fair and equitable by the generality of disinterested people.
Mash'ar al-Haram = The boundary of Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It is prohibited to kill any game, or to damage any plant or tree, or to act in any manner that will violate the sanctity of the Holy Masjid.
Masjid = Mosque.
Masjid al-Aqsa (al) = The 'Furthest Mosque' built by the early Muslims in Jerusalem, on or near where the Temple of Solomon once stood. See Baitul-Maqdis.
Masjid Al-Haram (al) = The Grand Masjid in Makkah. The Ka'bah (the Qiblah of the Muslims) is situated within it.
Masjid an-Nabawi (al) = Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Madinah. It is the second greatest Masjid in Islam, the first being the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and the third being the Masjid al-Aqsa in Al-Quds (Jerusalem).
Maula = protector. Allah Subhana wa T'ala describes Himself as the Maula of the believers. Maula also has the meaning of 'master'. 1. Satan is the Maula to the unbelievers. 2. The master is a Maula to his slave. Maula is also the term used to describe a freed slave who remains as part of the family.
Mihraab = Prayer niche of a Masjid, in front of which the Imam stands when leading the congregational prayers.
Mimbar = Steps on which the Imam stands to deliver the Khutbah (address) on the day of the Jumah (Friday).
Mina = A place five miles from Makkah and approximately ten miles from 'Arafat. An essential place to visit during the Hajj.
Miqat = the points which an outsider intending to perform Pilgrimage may cross only in the state of consecration (ihram). These points were fixed according to directions from God.
Mi'raj = The Night Journey of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) from Makkah to Jerusalem and then through the realms of the seven heavens, beyond the limit of forms, the Sidrat al-Muntaha, to within a bow-span's length or nearer to the presence of Allah.
Miskin = helplessness, destitution. Thus masakin are those who are in greater distress than the ordinary poor people. Explaining this word the Prophet (PBUH) declared that masakin are those who cannot make both ends meet, who face acute hardship and yet whose sense of self-respect prevents them from asking for aid from others and whose outward demeanour fails to create the impression that they are deserving of help.
Muadhen = The man who calls the Adhan loudly before each obligatory Salat, calling the people to prayer.
Muhadith = An Islamic scholar of Ahadeeth.
Muhammad (PBUH) = the last Messenger of God.
Muharram = 1. The first month of the Islamic calendar. 2. An act that is strictly forbidden in Islam.
Muhsanat = 'protected women'. It has been used in the Qur'an in two different meanings. First, it has been used in the sense of 'married women', that is, those who enjoy the protection of their husbands. Second, it has been used in the sense of those who enjoy the protection of families as opposed to slave-girls.
Mujahid = One who takes active part in a Jihad.
Mulhid = Atheist
Mumin = 1. Believer. 2. Al-Mumin: Another name for Al-Ghafir, Surah 40 of the Qur'an.
Munafiq = Hypocrite.
Munkar wa Nakir (peace be on them) = The names of the two angels who will question the dead in the graves.
Muqarraboon = "those who have been brought near." One the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala will sort out the good and the evil into three groups: 1. Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who will be nearest to Allah. Also described as the Sabiqoon, meaning "those who outstrip the rest." 2. Ashab al-Maimana - literally means, "the Companions of the Right." The righteous people destined to enter Paradise. 3. Ashab al-Mashama - literally, "the Companions of the Left." These will be the inheritors of the Hellfire.
Murtad = Apostate.
Mushrik = A person who commits Shirk. See Shirk.
Muslim = A person who accepts Islam as his or her way of life.
Mustahab = An act in Islam that is recommended, but not obligatory.
Mut'a = A temporary marriage. A custom common in Arabia. It was abrogated by the Prophet (S.A.W.) at Khaibar, as is related by Ali ibn Abi Talib in Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari.
Muttaqi = Muttaqi is derived from its noun taqwa, which signifies God-consciousness, a sense of responsibility and accountability, dedication and awe - those things that prompt one to fulfil one's duty. Taqwa, or heedfulness, is the main criterion by which God values the deeds of a Muslim.
Muzdallifa = A site between 'Arafat and Mina where the pilgrims spend the night of the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah during Hajj.
Mahr = (bridal gift) signifies the amount of payment that is settled between the two spouses at the time of marriage, and which the husband is required to make to his bride. Mahr seems to symbolize the financial responsbility that a husband assumes towards his wife by virtue of entering into the contract of marriage.
Mahram = A man whom a woman can never marry because of closeness of relationship (e.g. father, brother, uncle, son, etc.). Her husband is also her Mahram.
Al-Majeed = "The Most Glorious." One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah.
Majoos = Fire worshippers. These people lived mainly in Persia and the eastern Arabian peninsula in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
Makr = a secret strategy of which the victim has no inkling until the decisive blow is struck. Until then, the victim is under the illusion that everything is in good order.
Malaikah = "Angels". Another name for Suratul Fatir, Surah 35 of the Holy Qur'an.
Malak = Angel.
Al-Manat = was the chief idol worshipped by the Khuza'ah and Hudhayl tribes.
Ma'ruf = refers to the conduct which is reckoned fair and equitable by the generality of disinterested people.
Mash'ar al-Haram = The boundary of Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It is prohibited to kill any game, or to damage any plant or tree, or to act in any manner that will violate the sanctity of the Holy Masjid.
Masjid = Mosque.
Masjid al-Aqsa (al) = The 'Furthest Mosque' built by the early Muslims in Jerusalem, on or near where the Temple of Solomon once stood. See Baitul-Maqdis.
Masjid Al-Haram (al) = The Grand Masjid in Makkah. The Ka'bah (the Qiblah of the Muslims) is situated within it.
Masjid an-Nabawi (al) = Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Madinah. It is the second greatest Masjid in Islam, the first being the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and the third being the Masjid al-Aqsa in Al-Quds (Jerusalem).
Maula = protector. Allah Subhana wa T'ala describes Himself as the Maula of the believers. Maula also has the meaning of 'master'. 1. Satan is the Maula to the unbelievers. 2. The master is a Maula to his slave. Maula is also the term used to describe a freed slave who remains as part of the family.
Mihraab = Prayer niche of a Masjid, in front of which the Imam stands when leading the congregational prayers.
Mimbar = Steps on which the Imam stands to deliver the Khutbah (address) on the day of the Jumah (Friday).
Mina = A place five miles from Makkah and approximately ten miles from 'Arafat. An essential place to visit during the Hajj.
Miqat = the points which an outsider intending to perform Pilgrimage may cross only in the state of consecration (ihram). These points were fixed according to directions from God.
Mi'raj = The Night Journey of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) from Makkah to Jerusalem and then through the realms of the seven heavens, beyond the limit of forms, the Sidrat al-Muntaha, to within a bow-span's length or nearer to the presence of Allah.
Miskin = helplessness, destitution. Thus masakin are those who are in greater distress than the ordinary poor people. Explaining this word the Prophet (PBUH) declared that masakin are those who cannot make both ends meet, who face acute hardship and yet whose sense of self-respect prevents them from asking for aid from others and whose outward demeanour fails to create the impression that they are deserving of help.
Muadhen = The man who calls the Adhan loudly before each obligatory Salat, calling the people to prayer.
Muhadith = An Islamic scholar of Ahadeeth.
Muhammad (PBUH) = the last Messenger of God.
Muharram = 1. The first month of the Islamic calendar. 2. An act that is strictly forbidden in Islam.
Muhsanat = 'protected women'. It has been used in the Qur'an in two different meanings. First, it has been used in the sense of 'married women', that is, those who enjoy the protection of their husbands. Second, it has been used in the sense of those who enjoy the protection of families as opposed to slave-girls.
Mujahid = One who takes active part in a Jihad.
Mulhid = Atheist
Mumin = 1. Believer. 2. Al-Mumin: Another name for Al-Ghafir, Surah 40 of the Qur'an.
Munafiq = Hypocrite.
Munkar wa Nakir (peace be on them) = The names of the two angels who will question the dead in the graves.
Muqarraboon = "those who have been brought near." One the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala will sort out the good and the evil into three groups: 1. Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who will be nearest to Allah. Also described as the Sabiqoon, meaning "those who outstrip the rest." 2. Ashab al-Maimana - literally means, "the Companions of the Right." The righteous people destined to enter Paradise. 3. Ashab al-Mashama - literally, "the Companions of the Left." These will be the inheritors of the Hellfire.
Murtad = Apostate.
Mushrik = A person who commits Shirk. See Shirk.
Muslim = A person who accepts Islam as his or her way of life.
Mustahab = An act in Islam that is recommended, but not obligatory.
Mut'a = A temporary marriage. A custom common in Arabia. It was abrogated by the Prophet (S.A.W.) at Khaibar, as is related by Ali ibn Abi Talib in Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari.
Muttaqi = Muttaqi is derived from its noun taqwa, which signifies God-consciousness, a sense of responsibility and accountability, dedication and awe - those things that prompt one to fulfil one's duty. Taqwa, or heedfulness, is the main criterion by which God values the deeds of a Muslim.
Muzdallifa = A site between 'Arafat and Mina where the pilgrims spend the night of the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah during Hajj.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter L
Lailatul-Qadr = 'The Night of Power,' concealed in one of the odd nights in the last ten days of Ramadan; the night on which the Qur'an was first revealed by Jibraeel to the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), and which the Qur'an itself describes as "better than a thousand months."
Al-Lat = Al-Lat was the chief idol of the Thaqif tribe in al-Taif, and among the most famous idols in pre-Islamic Arabia.
Al-Lateef = The Subtle One Who is All-Pervading. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of God. The exact meaning of this word is very difficult to fully understand. It includes all of the following meanings: 1. So fine that He is imperceptible to the human sight. 2. So pure that He is unimaginable to the human mind. 3. So kind that He is beyond human comprehension. 4. So gracious that He is beyond human grasp. 5. So near that He is closer to us than our jugular veins.
Lauh al-Mahfudh = guarded tablet in the Seventh Heaven. The Holy Qur'an was first written on the Lauh al-Mahfudh in its entirety before it was sent down to the Baitul 'Izza in the First Heaven.
Al-Lat = Al-Lat was the chief idol of the Thaqif tribe in al-Taif, and among the most famous idols in pre-Islamic Arabia.
Al-Lateef = The Subtle One Who is All-Pervading. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of God. The exact meaning of this word is very difficult to fully understand. It includes all of the following meanings: 1. So fine that He is imperceptible to the human sight. 2. So pure that He is unimaginable to the human mind. 3. So kind that He is beyond human comprehension. 4. So gracious that He is beyond human grasp. 5. So near that He is closer to us than our jugular veins.
Lauh al-Mahfudh = guarded tablet in the Seventh Heaven. The Holy Qur'an was first written on the Lauh al-Mahfudh in its entirety before it was sent down to the Baitul 'Izza in the First Heaven.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter K
Ka'aba = The cube-shaped stone building whose foundations were built by the angels and completed by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son, Prophet Ismael, peace be on them, in Makkah. It was rebuilt with the with the help of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It is the focal point towards which all Muslims face when praying.
Kabair = Major sins; such as Shirk (see Shirk), Qatl (murder), Zinah (fornication and adultery), the taking of Riba (usury), Sirq (theft), etc.
Kafir = signifies one who denies or rejects the truth, i.e. who disbelieves in the message of the Prophets. Since the advent of Muhammad (PBUH), anyone who rejects his Message is a kafir.
Kafura = camphor. It is a special heavenly perfume that will be mixed with non-intoxicating, pure wine and be given to the righteous in the Hereafter. See the Holy Qur'an, Al-Insan (76:5).
Kalalah = according to some scholars, refers to those who die leaving neither issue nor father nor grandfather. According to others it refers to those who die without issue (regardless of whether they are succeeded by father or grandfather).
Kawthar (al) = 1. "The fountain of Kawthar." A sacred fountain in Jannah (Paradise). It is the source of all the four rivers of Jannah, and feeds the Hawd of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Surah 108 of the Holy Qur'an. 2. The Hawd which is filled by Al-Kawthar is at the end of the Siratul Mustaqeem. It is a gift from Allah to the Holy Prophet (PBUH). It is to quench the thirst of true believers.
Khalifah = or vicegerent is one who exercises the authority delegated to him by his principal, and does so in the capacity of his deputy and agent. This term has been used in the Quran with reference to man: 'Just think when your Lord said to the angels: Lo! I am about to place a vicegerent on earth...' (2:30). At certain places in the Qur'an, khulafa (pl.) also means (a) people with power to mobilize all that is on earth (27:62); (b) successors or inheritors who will inherit the earth and succeed one after another (24:55; 38:26). In the political history of Islam, khalifa became the title of the successors of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), notably the first four Rightly-Guided Caliphs known as al-Khulafa al-Rashidun (11-35 A.H., 632-655 C.E.). With the establishment of the Umayyad hereditary rule immediately after this, the institution of the Caliphate changed into monarchy. Yet the rulers called themselves Caliphs. Formally the institution of the Caliphate came to an end in 1924 C.E. when Kamal Ataturk of Turkey arbitrarily declared its abolition.
Khamr = 'wine', and has been prohibited by Islam. This prohibition covers everything that acts as an agent of intoxication.
Kharaj = Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-Muslims to ensure their equal rights under Islamic law.
Khul' = signifies a woman's securing the annulment of her marriage through the payment of some compensation to her husband.
Khums = one-fifth. One-fifth of the spoils of war is earmarked for the struggle to exalt the Word of God and to help the orphans, the needy, the wayfarer and the Prophet's kinsmen. Since the Prophet (PBUH) devoted all his time to the cause of Islam, he was not in a position to earn his own living. Hence a part of khums was allocated for the maintenance of the Prophet (PBUH) as well as for his family and the relatives dependent upon him for financial support.
Khutbah = Sermon. The greatest sermon in the history of mankind was called al-Khutbatul Wida' (the farewell address), given by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), during his last Hajj in 10 AH. There are various types of sermons:
1. Khutbatul Jum'ah (the Friday Sermon). This is given immediately before the Jum'ah Salah (Friday Prayer). 2. Khutbatul Eid (the Eid Sermon) This is given immediately after the prayer of the two Eids. 3. Khutbatul Nikah (the marriage sermon). This is given during the marriage ceremony.
Kufee = An Arabic script. Angular writing style often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Kufr = Its original meaning is 'to conceal'. This word has been variously used in the Quran to denote: (1) state of absolute lack of faith; (2) rejection or denial of any of the esentials of Islam; (3) attitude of ingratitude and thanklessness to God; and (4) non-fulfilment of certain basic requirements of faith. In the accepted technical sense, kufr consists of rejection of the Divine Guidance communicated through the Prophets and Messengers of God. More specifically, ever since the advent of the last of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (PBUH), rejection of his teaching constitutes Kufr.
Kabair = Major sins; such as Shirk (see Shirk), Qatl (murder), Zinah (fornication and adultery), the taking of Riba (usury), Sirq (theft), etc.
Kafir = signifies one who denies or rejects the truth, i.e. who disbelieves in the message of the Prophets. Since the advent of Muhammad (PBUH), anyone who rejects his Message is a kafir.
Kafura = camphor. It is a special heavenly perfume that will be mixed with non-intoxicating, pure wine and be given to the righteous in the Hereafter. See the Holy Qur'an, Al-Insan (76:5).
Kalalah = according to some scholars, refers to those who die leaving neither issue nor father nor grandfather. According to others it refers to those who die without issue (regardless of whether they are succeeded by father or grandfather).
Kawthar (al) = 1. "The fountain of Kawthar." A sacred fountain in Jannah (Paradise). It is the source of all the four rivers of Jannah, and feeds the Hawd of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Surah 108 of the Holy Qur'an. 2. The Hawd which is filled by Al-Kawthar is at the end of the Siratul Mustaqeem. It is a gift from Allah to the Holy Prophet (PBUH). It is to quench the thirst of true believers.
Khalifah = or vicegerent is one who exercises the authority delegated to him by his principal, and does so in the capacity of his deputy and agent. This term has been used in the Quran with reference to man: 'Just think when your Lord said to the angels: Lo! I am about to place a vicegerent on earth...' (2:30). At certain places in the Qur'an, khulafa (pl.) also means (a) people with power to mobilize all that is on earth (27:62); (b) successors or inheritors who will inherit the earth and succeed one after another (24:55; 38:26). In the political history of Islam, khalifa became the title of the successors of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), notably the first four Rightly-Guided Caliphs known as al-Khulafa al-Rashidun (11-35 A.H., 632-655 C.E.). With the establishment of the Umayyad hereditary rule immediately after this, the institution of the Caliphate changed into monarchy. Yet the rulers called themselves Caliphs. Formally the institution of the Caliphate came to an end in 1924 C.E. when Kamal Ataturk of Turkey arbitrarily declared its abolition.
Khamr = 'wine', and has been prohibited by Islam. This prohibition covers everything that acts as an agent of intoxication.
Kharaj = Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-Muslims to ensure their equal rights under Islamic law.
Khul' = signifies a woman's securing the annulment of her marriage through the payment of some compensation to her husband.
Khums = one-fifth. One-fifth of the spoils of war is earmarked for the struggle to exalt the Word of God and to help the orphans, the needy, the wayfarer and the Prophet's kinsmen. Since the Prophet (PBUH) devoted all his time to the cause of Islam, he was not in a position to earn his own living. Hence a part of khums was allocated for the maintenance of the Prophet (PBUH) as well as for his family and the relatives dependent upon him for financial support.
Khutbah = Sermon. The greatest sermon in the history of mankind was called al-Khutbatul Wida' (the farewell address), given by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), during his last Hajj in 10 AH. There are various types of sermons:
1. Khutbatul Jum'ah (the Friday Sermon). This is given immediately before the Jum'ah Salah (Friday Prayer). 2. Khutbatul Eid (the Eid Sermon) This is given immediately after the prayer of the two Eids. 3. Khutbatul Nikah (the marriage sermon). This is given during the marriage ceremony.
Kufee = An Arabic script. Angular writing style often used for early hand-written copies of the Qur'an.
Kufr = Its original meaning is 'to conceal'. This word has been variously used in the Quran to denote: (1) state of absolute lack of faith; (2) rejection or denial of any of the esentials of Islam; (3) attitude of ingratitude and thanklessness to God; and (4) non-fulfilment of certain basic requirements of faith. In the accepted technical sense, kufr consists of rejection of the Divine Guidance communicated through the Prophets and Messengers of God. More specifically, ever since the advent of the last of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (PBUH), rejection of his teaching constitutes Kufr.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter J
Jahanam = Most commonly understood to mean Hell. In fact, it is one of the levels of Hell. There are seven levels of Hellfire: 1. Jaheem - the shallowest level of Hell. It is reserved for those who believed in Allah and His Messenger (PBUH), but who ignored His commands. 2. Jahanam - a deeper level where the idol-worshippers are to be sent on the Day of Judgement. 3. Sa'ir - is reserved for the worshippers of fire. 4. Saqar - this is where those who did not believe in Allah will be sent on the Day of Judgement. 5. Ladha - will be the home of the Jews. 6. Hawiyah - will be the abode of the Christians. 7. Hutama - the deepest level of Hellfire. This is where the religious hypocrites will spend eternity. The worst of Allah's creation are the Munafiqeen (Hypocrites), wether they be mankind or Jinn, for they outwardly appear to accept, but inwardly reject Allah and His Messenger (PBUH).
Jahiliyah = 'ignorance', is a concise expression for the pagan practice of the days before the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Jahiliyah denotes all those world-views and ways of life which are based on rejection or disregard of heavenly guidance communicated to mankind through the Prophets and Messengers of God; the attitude of treating human life - either wholly or partly - as independent of the directives of God. Ayyam al-Jahiliyah, or 'The Days of Ignorance' in the books of history, indicate the period before the Prophethood of Muhammad when the people in Arabia forgot the teachings of their Prophets and indulged in stupid practices.
Jamra = White hot coal. The term used to describe the three pillars built od stone at Mina.
Jamarat Al-Aqaba = One of the three stone pillars at Mina. One of the rites of Hajj is to throw pebbles at these stone pillars, which represent Satan.
Jannah = Paradise. A created abode in the Hereafter for those who believe in the Unity of Allah and in all His Prophets and Messengers, and who follow the way of life of the Prophets. Jannah has eight gates around it and each of these eight gates has eleven doors. The names of the eight gates are:
1. Bab al-Iman. 2. Bab al-Jihad. 3. Bab al-Kadhemean al-Gaidh. 4. Bab ar-Raiyan. 5. Bab ar-Radiyeen. 6. Bab as-Sadaqa. 7. Bab at-Taubah. 8. Bab as-Salat.
Janaba = The state of a person after sexual discharge, whether intentional or otherwise. A person may not perform Salah (Prayer) or recite or touch the Qur'an until he performs Ghusl or Tayammum.
Jibt = a thing devoid of any true basis and dereft of usefulness. In Islamic terminology the various forms of sorcery, divination and soothsaying, in short all superstitions, are called jibt.
Jihad = Holy War, 'to strive' or 'to exert to the utmost.' In islamic parlance it signifies all forms of striving, including armed struggle, aimed at making the Word of God prevail. We consider that a woman is accomplishing the Jihad because she is struggling to raise her kids into the Islamic rules.
Jinn = an independent species of creation about which little is known except that unlike man, who was created out of earth, the jinn were created out of fire. But like man, a Divine Message has also been addressed to them and they too have been endowed with the capacity, again like man, to choose between good and evil, between obedience or disobedience to God.
Jizyah = Unbelievers are required to pay jizyah (poll tax) in lieu of security provided to them as the Dhimmis (Protected People) of an Islamic state, and their exemption from military service and payment of Zakah. Jizyah symbolizes the submission of the unbelievers to the suzerainty of Islam.
Jumm'ah = "Friday." The Muslims' day of gathering together, when all Muslim males must go to the Masjid to hear the Friday Khutba (sermon) and to do the Jum'ah Salat (prayer), which is prayed instead of Dhur.
Jumada al-Akhira = The sixth month of the Islamic calendar.
Junub = a person having Janaba - means to be in a state of ceremonial impurity or defilement. A male becomes junub on having sexual intercourse or simply on the emission of semen in sleep or otherwise. A female also becomes junub as a result of sexual intercourse as well as when she is menstruating or having postnatal bleeding. These are the general causes of janaba, which is also referred to in the books of jurisprudence as hadath akbar. A full bath is required for a junub to receive purification or tahara, without which a man or woman is not allowed to touch or read the Qur'an, enter the mosque or offer the prayers. In the absence of water, however, one is allowed to resort to tayammum. Tayammum substitutes for both a full bath (ghusl) and ablution (wudu).
Jahiliyah = 'ignorance', is a concise expression for the pagan practice of the days before the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Jahiliyah denotes all those world-views and ways of life which are based on rejection or disregard of heavenly guidance communicated to mankind through the Prophets and Messengers of God; the attitude of treating human life - either wholly or partly - as independent of the directives of God. Ayyam al-Jahiliyah, or 'The Days of Ignorance' in the books of history, indicate the period before the Prophethood of Muhammad when the people in Arabia forgot the teachings of their Prophets and indulged in stupid practices.
Jamra = White hot coal. The term used to describe the three pillars built od stone at Mina.
Jamarat Al-Aqaba = One of the three stone pillars at Mina. One of the rites of Hajj is to throw pebbles at these stone pillars, which represent Satan.
Jannah = Paradise. A created abode in the Hereafter for those who believe in the Unity of Allah and in all His Prophets and Messengers, and who follow the way of life of the Prophets. Jannah has eight gates around it and each of these eight gates has eleven doors. The names of the eight gates are:
1. Bab al-Iman. 2. Bab al-Jihad. 3. Bab al-Kadhemean al-Gaidh. 4. Bab ar-Raiyan. 5. Bab ar-Radiyeen. 6. Bab as-Sadaqa. 7. Bab at-Taubah. 8. Bab as-Salat.
Janaba = The state of a person after sexual discharge, whether intentional or otherwise. A person may not perform Salah (Prayer) or recite or touch the Qur'an until he performs Ghusl or Tayammum.
Jibt = a thing devoid of any true basis and dereft of usefulness. In Islamic terminology the various forms of sorcery, divination and soothsaying, in short all superstitions, are called jibt.
Jihad = Holy War, 'to strive' or 'to exert to the utmost.' In islamic parlance it signifies all forms of striving, including armed struggle, aimed at making the Word of God prevail. We consider that a woman is accomplishing the Jihad because she is struggling to raise her kids into the Islamic rules.
Jinn = an independent species of creation about which little is known except that unlike man, who was created out of earth, the jinn were created out of fire. But like man, a Divine Message has also been addressed to them and they too have been endowed with the capacity, again like man, to choose between good and evil, between obedience or disobedience to God.
Jizyah = Unbelievers are required to pay jizyah (poll tax) in lieu of security provided to them as the Dhimmis (Protected People) of an Islamic state, and their exemption from military service and payment of Zakah. Jizyah symbolizes the submission of the unbelievers to the suzerainty of Islam.
Jumm'ah = "Friday." The Muslims' day of gathering together, when all Muslim males must go to the Masjid to hear the Friday Khutba (sermon) and to do the Jum'ah Salat (prayer), which is prayed instead of Dhur.
Jumada al-Akhira = The sixth month of the Islamic calendar.
Junub = a person having Janaba - means to be in a state of ceremonial impurity or defilement. A male becomes junub on having sexual intercourse or simply on the emission of semen in sleep or otherwise. A female also becomes junub as a result of sexual intercourse as well as when she is menstruating or having postnatal bleeding. These are the general causes of janaba, which is also referred to in the books of jurisprudence as hadath akbar. A full bath is required for a junub to receive purification or tahara, without which a man or woman is not allowed to touch or read the Qur'an, enter the mosque or offer the prayers. In the absence of water, however, one is allowed to resort to tayammum. Tayammum substitutes for both a full bath (ghusl) and ablution (wudu).
Islamic arabic terms . Letter I
'Ibadah = is used in three meanings: (1) worship and adoration; (2) obedience and submission; and (3) service and subjection. The fundamental message of Islam is that man, as God's creature, should direct his 'ibadah to Him in all the above-mentioned meanings, and associate none in the rendering of it.
Iblis= literally means 'thoroughly disappointed; one in utter despair.' In Islamic terminology it denotes the jinn, who refused the command of Allah to prostrate before Adam out of vanity. He also asked God to allow him a term when he might mislead and tempt mankind to error. This term was granted to him by God whereafter he became the chief promoter of evil and prompted Adam and Eve to disobey God's order. He is also called al-Shaytan (Satan). He is possessed of a specific personality and is not just an abstract force.
'Iddah = the waiting period that a woman is required to observe as a consequence of the nullification of her marriage with her husband or because of the husband's death.
Iftar = Breaking of the fast immediately after sunset. Iftar takes place at Maghrib as soon as the Call to Prayer (Adhan) is called.
Ihram = the state of consecration which is essentiallyrequired for performing Hajj and 'Umrah. The outward garb which consists in the case of men of just two sheets of cloth instead of tailored clothes is one of the conditions of ihram but not identical with it. Apart from donning that garb, one is required to pronounce talbiyah (Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk...). In the state of ihram the pilgrim is required to observe many prohibitions; e.g. he may not hunt, shave or trim his hair, shed blood, use perfume, or indulge in sexual gratification.
Ihsan = doing something in a goodly manner. When used in the Islamic religious context, it signifies excellence of behavior arising out of a strong love for God and a profound sense of close relationship with Him. According to a Tradition the Prophet (PBUH) defined ihsan as worshipping God as though one sees Him.
Ijma = refers to the consensus of eminent scholars (mujtahidun) of Islam in a given age. Ijma comes next to the Quran and the Sunnah as a source of Islamic doctrines.
Ijtihad = To exercise personal judgement based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Ila' = a husband's vow to abstain from sexual relations with his wife. The maximum permissible limit for abstaining from sexual relations in wedlock under such a vow is four months, after which ila' would automatically mean repudiation of the marriage.
Imam = 1. Imam signifies the leader, and in its highest form, refers to the head of the Islamic state. 2. It is also used with reference to the founders of the different systems of theology and law in Islam. 3. A person who leads the prayer.
Iman= trust, faith and acceptance. Having faith and belief in Allah according to the Qur'an.
Imsak = Start of the fasting time. Imsak begins when the first light of dawn becomes visible, and ends at Fajr when the Adhan is called.
Injil = the inspired orations and utterances of Jesus (PBUH) which he delivered during the last two or three years of his earthly life in his capacity as a Prophet. The Injil mentioned by the Quran should, however, not be identified by the four Gospels of the New Testament which contain a great deal of material in addition to the inspired statements of the Prophet Jesus. presumably the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus (PBUH) constitute parts of the true, original Injil. It is significant, however, that the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus in the Gospels contain substantively the same teachings as those of the Quran.
Insha Allah = "If Allah wills." "If Allah allows". "If Allah desire".
Iqamah = call to prayer that announces to the congregation that the obligatory prayer is just to begin.
Isha' = (Night) Prayer signifies the prescribed Prayer which is performed after the night has well set in.
Islam = "submission to the will of Allah." The most important and pivotal concept in Islam is the oneness of God. See Allah for more on the conept of God. Islam teaches that all faiths have, in essence, one common message:
the existence of a Supreme Being, the one and only God, whose sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge
to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various times and in many places throughout history.Islam demands a commitment to submit and surrender to God so that one could live in peace; peace (salam) is achieved through active obedience to the revealed Commandments of God, for God is the Source of all Peace. Commitment to Islam entails striving for peace through a struggle for justice, equality of opportunity, mutual caring and consideration for others' rights, and continuous research and acquisition of knowledge for the better protection and utilization of the resources of the universe. The basic beliefs of Islam are:
the Uniqueness of the one and only God who is Sovereign of the universes;
the Revelation of the teaching and commandments of God through Angels in heaven to Prophets on earth, and written in sacred writings which all have the same transcendent source; these contain the will of God which marks the way of peace for the whole universe and all mankind;
the Day of judgement which inaugurates the Afterlife in which God rewards and punishes with respect to human obedience to His will.Islam teaches that human diversity is a sign of the richness of God's mercy, and that God wills human beings to compete with each other in goodness in order to test who is the finest in action; this is, according to Islam, the reason for the creation of the universe. A person who enters the fold of Islam is called a Muslim.
Isra = 1. "The Night Journey", refers to the journey of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem. 2. Another name for Surah Bani Israel (Surah 17) of the Holy Qur'an.
Istikhara = the prayer where we ask Allah the Almighty to guide one to the right decision and action regarding a particular problem. The Istikhara Prayer consists of two Rakahs. A special invocation is said.
Istisqa = Invoking Allah Subhana waTa'ala for rain in the time of a drought. The Istisqa Prayer consists of two rakahs.
I'tikaf = the religious practice of spending the last ten days of Ramadan (either wholly or partly) in a mosque so as to devote oneself exclusively to worship. In this state one may go out of the mosque only for the absolutely necessary requirements of life, but one must stay away from gratifying one's sexual desire. The minimum period for i'tikaf is twenty-four hours. I'tikaf is not valid if one is not keeping the fast or if it is done outside the month of Ramadan.
Ithm = denotes negligence, dereliction of duty and sin.
Iblis= literally means 'thoroughly disappointed; one in utter despair.' In Islamic terminology it denotes the jinn, who refused the command of Allah to prostrate before Adam out of vanity. He also asked God to allow him a term when he might mislead and tempt mankind to error. This term was granted to him by God whereafter he became the chief promoter of evil and prompted Adam and Eve to disobey God's order. He is also called al-Shaytan (Satan). He is possessed of a specific personality and is not just an abstract force.
'Iddah = the waiting period that a woman is required to observe as a consequence of the nullification of her marriage with her husband or because of the husband's death.
Iftar = Breaking of the fast immediately after sunset. Iftar takes place at Maghrib as soon as the Call to Prayer (Adhan) is called.
Ihram = the state of consecration which is essentiallyrequired for performing Hajj and 'Umrah. The outward garb which consists in the case of men of just two sheets of cloth instead of tailored clothes is one of the conditions of ihram but not identical with it. Apart from donning that garb, one is required to pronounce talbiyah (Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk...). In the state of ihram the pilgrim is required to observe many prohibitions; e.g. he may not hunt, shave or trim his hair, shed blood, use perfume, or indulge in sexual gratification.
Ihsan = doing something in a goodly manner. When used in the Islamic religious context, it signifies excellence of behavior arising out of a strong love for God and a profound sense of close relationship with Him. According to a Tradition the Prophet (PBUH) defined ihsan as worshipping God as though one sees Him.
Ijma = refers to the consensus of eminent scholars (mujtahidun) of Islam in a given age. Ijma comes next to the Quran and the Sunnah as a source of Islamic doctrines.
Ijtihad = To exercise personal judgement based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Ila' = a husband's vow to abstain from sexual relations with his wife. The maximum permissible limit for abstaining from sexual relations in wedlock under such a vow is four months, after which ila' would automatically mean repudiation of the marriage.
Imam = 1. Imam signifies the leader, and in its highest form, refers to the head of the Islamic state. 2. It is also used with reference to the founders of the different systems of theology and law in Islam. 3. A person who leads the prayer.
Iman= trust, faith and acceptance. Having faith and belief in Allah according to the Qur'an.
Imsak = Start of the fasting time. Imsak begins when the first light of dawn becomes visible, and ends at Fajr when the Adhan is called.
Injil = the inspired orations and utterances of Jesus (PBUH) which he delivered during the last two or three years of his earthly life in his capacity as a Prophet. The Injil mentioned by the Quran should, however, not be identified by the four Gospels of the New Testament which contain a great deal of material in addition to the inspired statements of the Prophet Jesus. presumably the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus (PBUH) constitute parts of the true, original Injil. It is significant, however, that the statements explicitly attributed to Jesus in the Gospels contain substantively the same teachings as those of the Quran.
Insha Allah = "If Allah wills." "If Allah allows". "If Allah desire".
Iqamah = call to prayer that announces to the congregation that the obligatory prayer is just to begin.
Isha' = (Night) Prayer signifies the prescribed Prayer which is performed after the night has well set in.
Islam = "submission to the will of Allah." The most important and pivotal concept in Islam is the oneness of God. See Allah for more on the conept of God. Islam teaches that all faiths have, in essence, one common message:
the existence of a Supreme Being, the one and only God, whose sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge
to obey His teaching and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various times and in many places throughout history.Islam demands a commitment to submit and surrender to God so that one could live in peace; peace (salam) is achieved through active obedience to the revealed Commandments of God, for God is the Source of all Peace. Commitment to Islam entails striving for peace through a struggle for justice, equality of opportunity, mutual caring and consideration for others' rights, and continuous research and acquisition of knowledge for the better protection and utilization of the resources of the universe. The basic beliefs of Islam are:
the Uniqueness of the one and only God who is Sovereign of the universes;
the Revelation of the teaching and commandments of God through Angels in heaven to Prophets on earth, and written in sacred writings which all have the same transcendent source; these contain the will of God which marks the way of peace for the whole universe and all mankind;
the Day of judgement which inaugurates the Afterlife in which God rewards and punishes with respect to human obedience to His will.Islam teaches that human diversity is a sign of the richness of God's mercy, and that God wills human beings to compete with each other in goodness in order to test who is the finest in action; this is, according to Islam, the reason for the creation of the universe. A person who enters the fold of Islam is called a Muslim.
Isra = 1. "The Night Journey", refers to the journey of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem. 2. Another name for Surah Bani Israel (Surah 17) of the Holy Qur'an.
Istikhara = the prayer where we ask Allah the Almighty to guide one to the right decision and action regarding a particular problem. The Istikhara Prayer consists of two Rakahs. A special invocation is said.
Istisqa = Invoking Allah Subhana waTa'ala for rain in the time of a drought. The Istisqa Prayer consists of two rakahs.
I'tikaf = the religious practice of spending the last ten days of Ramadan (either wholly or partly) in a mosque so as to devote oneself exclusively to worship. In this state one may go out of the mosque only for the absolutely necessary requirements of life, but one must stay away from gratifying one's sexual desire. The minimum period for i'tikaf is twenty-four hours. I'tikaf is not valid if one is not keeping the fast or if it is done outside the month of Ramadan.
Ithm = denotes negligence, dereliction of duty and sin.
Islamic arabic terms . Letter H
Hadi = A cow, sheep or a goat that is offered as a sacrifice by a pilgrim during the Hajj.
Hadith = The word hadith literally means communication or narration. In the Islamic context it has come to denote the record of what the Prophet (PBUH) said, did, or tacitly approved. According to some scholars, the word hadith also covers reports about the sayings and deeds, etc. of the Companions of the Prophet in addition to the Prophet himself. The whole body of Traditions is termed Hadith and its science 'Ilm al-Hadith.
Hadith Qudsi = A saying of Allah Ta'ala narrated by the Holy Prophet (PBUH), that is not part of the Qur'an.
Hajar Al-Aswad = The 'Black Stone', a stone which some say fell from heaven, set into one corner of the Ka'bah in Makkah by Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH), which the pilgrims, in imitation of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) kiss, so unifying all the Muslims throughout the ages in one place.
Hajj (Major Pilgrimage) = one of the five pillars of Islam, a duty one must perform during one's life-time if one has the financial resources for it. It must be performed during certain specified dates of Dhu al-Hijjah. In addition to tawaf and sa'y, there are a few other requirements but especially one's standing (i.e. stay) in 'Arafat during the day-time on 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
Halal = Lawful as defined by Allah the Almighty.
Hanif = literally 'one who is inclined', is used in the Qur'an in ten places, six with reference to the Prophet Abraham and the rest for one who is sincere and sound in his faith. The term as such connotes sincerity, uprightness and singlemindedness in one's inclination, dedication and commitment to God or to His faith.
Haram = 1. Any act or deed which is prohibited by Allah and will incur His wrath and punishment. 2. Sanctuary or boundary of any Masjid (mosque), but usually used with regard to the sanctuaries of the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and Masjid al-Rasool in Madinah. This is why they are referred to as 'Al-Haramain al-Sharifain,' the two Holy Sanctuaries.
Hashr (Al) = 1. Another name for the Day of Judgement, Yaum al-Hashr, "Day of the Gathering." 2. "The Exile". Surah 59 of the Holy Qur'an.
Hawd = The watering-place of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), whose pure drink will refresh those who have crossed the Siraat before entering the Garden on the Last Day.
Hawiyah = The sixth level of Nar (Hellfire). This will be the home of the Christians.
Hijab = Any kind of veil-it could be a curtain, a facial veil, etc. The facial Hijab is divided into two types: 1. Niqab: full facial covering. 2. Khimar: partial facial covering, i.e., it covers the face, but leaves the eyes exposed. It is said that the universe is what veils the Creator from the creation. If you find the veil awe-inspiring, how much more awe-inspiring is the One behind the veil!
Hijaz = The region along the western seaboard of Arabia, in which Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Ta'if are situated.
Hijrah = Hijrah signifies migration from a land where a Muslim is unable to live according to the precepts of his faith to a land where it is possible to do so. The hijrah par excellence for Muslims is the hijrah of the Prophet (PBUH) which not only provided him and his followers refuge from persecution, but also an opportunity to build a society and state according to the ideals of Islam.
Hijri = Name of the Islamic lunar calendar. It took its name from the early Muslims who migrated from Makkah to Madinah, and commences from the date of Prophet Muhammad's Hijrah, (PBUH), which he made with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), in 622 C.E. The months of the Islamic calendar are:
1. Muharram 2. Safar 3. Rabi al-Awal 4. Rabi al-Thani 5. Jumada al-Awal 6. Jumada al-Thani 7. Rajab 8. Sha'ban 9. Ramadan 10. Shawal 11. Dhul Qi'da 12. Dhul Hijjah
Hubal = the chief of the minor deities, was an image of a man, and was aid to have been originally brought to Arabia from Syria. It was one of the so many false gods of Arabs housed in the Kabah.
Hukm = literally judgement, decision, sometimes gives the meaning of wisdom, discretion, knowledge and the power to see things in their true perspective
Hadith = The word hadith literally means communication or narration. In the Islamic context it has come to denote the record of what the Prophet (PBUH) said, did, or tacitly approved. According to some scholars, the word hadith also covers reports about the sayings and deeds, etc. of the Companions of the Prophet in addition to the Prophet himself. The whole body of Traditions is termed Hadith and its science 'Ilm al-Hadith.
Hadith Qudsi = A saying of Allah Ta'ala narrated by the Holy Prophet (PBUH), that is not part of the Qur'an.
Hajar Al-Aswad = The 'Black Stone', a stone which some say fell from heaven, set into one corner of the Ka'bah in Makkah by Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH), which the pilgrims, in imitation of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) kiss, so unifying all the Muslims throughout the ages in one place.
Hajj (Major Pilgrimage) = one of the five pillars of Islam, a duty one must perform during one's life-time if one has the financial resources for it. It must be performed during certain specified dates of Dhu al-Hijjah. In addition to tawaf and sa'y, there are a few other requirements but especially one's standing (i.e. stay) in 'Arafat during the day-time on 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
Halal = Lawful as defined by Allah the Almighty.
Hanif = literally 'one who is inclined', is used in the Qur'an in ten places, six with reference to the Prophet Abraham and the rest for one who is sincere and sound in his faith. The term as such connotes sincerity, uprightness and singlemindedness in one's inclination, dedication and commitment to God or to His faith.
Haram = 1. Any act or deed which is prohibited by Allah and will incur His wrath and punishment. 2. Sanctuary or boundary of any Masjid (mosque), but usually used with regard to the sanctuaries of the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and Masjid al-Rasool in Madinah. This is why they are referred to as 'Al-Haramain al-Sharifain,' the two Holy Sanctuaries.
Hashr (Al) = 1. Another name for the Day of Judgement, Yaum al-Hashr, "Day of the Gathering." 2. "The Exile". Surah 59 of the Holy Qur'an.
Hawd = The watering-place of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), whose pure drink will refresh those who have crossed the Siraat before entering the Garden on the Last Day.
Hawiyah = The sixth level of Nar (Hellfire). This will be the home of the Christians.
Hijab = Any kind of veil-it could be a curtain, a facial veil, etc. The facial Hijab is divided into two types: 1. Niqab: full facial covering. 2. Khimar: partial facial covering, i.e., it covers the face, but leaves the eyes exposed. It is said that the universe is what veils the Creator from the creation. If you find the veil awe-inspiring, how much more awe-inspiring is the One behind the veil!
Hijaz = The region along the western seaboard of Arabia, in which Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Ta'if are situated.
Hijrah = Hijrah signifies migration from a land where a Muslim is unable to live according to the precepts of his faith to a land where it is possible to do so. The hijrah par excellence for Muslims is the hijrah of the Prophet (PBUH) which not only provided him and his followers refuge from persecution, but also an opportunity to build a society and state according to the ideals of Islam.
Hijri = Name of the Islamic lunar calendar. It took its name from the early Muslims who migrated from Makkah to Madinah, and commences from the date of Prophet Muhammad's Hijrah, (PBUH), which he made with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), in 622 C.E. The months of the Islamic calendar are:
1. Muharram 2. Safar 3. Rabi al-Awal 4. Rabi al-Thani 5. Jumada al-Awal 6. Jumada al-Thani 7. Rajab 8. Sha'ban 9. Ramadan 10. Shawal 11. Dhul Qi'da 12. Dhul Hijjah
Hubal = the chief of the minor deities, was an image of a man, and was aid to have been originally brought to Arabia from Syria. It was one of the so many false gods of Arabs housed in the Kabah.
Hukm = literally judgement, decision, sometimes gives the meaning of wisdom, discretion, knowledge and the power to see things in their true perspective
Islamic arabic terms . Letter G
Ghair Muakkada (Salah) = Unascertained prayers. These types of optional Salah (prayers) were much, but not always, practiced by the Prophet (PBUH).
Gharar = Selling something which has not yet been obtained. For example, selling eggs which have not yet been hatched.
Ghayy = Deception. Name of a pit in Hellfire.
Ghazwa = A battle for the cause of Allah in which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) himself took part.
Gheebah = Talking evil about someone in his or her absence.
Ghulool = Stealing from the war booty before its distribution.
Ghusl = The full ritual washing of the body with water alone to be pure for the prayer. to do Ghusl: 1. Wash your private parts, 2. do Wudu (ablution), 3. wash your entire body without touching your private parts again.
Gog and Magog = Two evil empires. They are mentioned in the Qur'an and Ahadeeth (Bukhari and Muslim) when mentioning some of the scenes just before the final hour.
Gharar = Selling something which has not yet been obtained. For example, selling eggs which have not yet been hatched.
Ghayy = Deception. Name of a pit in Hellfire.
Ghazwa = A battle for the cause of Allah in which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) himself took part.
Gheebah = Talking evil about someone in his or her absence.
Ghulool = Stealing from the war booty before its distribution.
Ghusl = The full ritual washing of the body with water alone to be pure for the prayer. to do Ghusl: 1. Wash your private parts, 2. do Wudu (ablution), 3. wash your entire body without touching your private parts again.
Gog and Magog = Two evil empires. They are mentioned in the Qur'an and Ahadeeth (Bukhari and Muslim) when mentioning some of the scenes just before the final hour.
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